Journal of Geography, Politics and Society

The Status of Women in the Soviet Union

2023-04-11T08:34:50+00:00

For centuries, many women have been at the forefront of the struggle for emancipation and political changes. Efforts at integrating the idea of emancipation into society was an important part of the Bolshevik ideology; thus, the October Revolution of 1917 brought women new hope and new expectations. The Soviet Union was the first country in the world to successfully open the door to new economic and educational opportunities for women. In 1917, the Bolshevik legislative initiatives provided them with full political and civil rights while new legislation made women legally equal to men. The constitution adopted in July 1918 secured the political and civil equality of women and men. However, the gender policy developed and implemented by Lenin significantly changed after his death. Until the second half of the 1930s, the Soviet Union remained the world leader in terms of providing women with equal rights. However, after the new leader of the Soviet Union, Stalin, came to power, the government policy on women and equality substantially transformed. During Stalin’s rule, the concept of “a new type of woman” was created. The early Bolshevik policy, which started with a radical liberal vision of individual freedom and women’s rights, devolved into an abyss of cynicism that burdened women with a disproportionate responsibility for unpaid work in the household.
The purpose of this work is to study the role of women during the early Soviet period and to examine legal and political changes in women’s status. The study aims at explaining what the main goal of the Soviet gender policy was in fact, whether it actually changed the status of women and what crucial changes it ultimately brought to them. Using the method of content analysis, the content of official documents, press and scientific literature was analyzed. At the same time, attempts were made to identify and analyze the positive and negative results of the Soviet policy by applying the method of critical research.

The Multiculturalism of a Traditional Economic Region – the Example of the Katowice Conurbation (Poland)

2023-04-11T08:45:32+00:00

The Katowice conurbation took shape from the end of the 18th century in the borderlands of two states, Poland and Germany. In this sense, it was an area on both their peripheries. Permanent and dynamic interactions between different national-ethnic groups resulted in cultural intermingling. From the middle of the twentieth century, this complex settlement system was already at the centre of socio-economic development on a supra-regional scale. As a result of multidirectional migration, influenced by intensive industrialisation, social relations evolved between the migrants and the local (indigenous) population, as well as between the migrants themselves.
The aim of this paper is to analyse the early multicultural nature of selected cities in the Katowice conurbation against a methodological and terminological background and to indicate the extent to which this feature might be an asset in present day socio-economic transformations in this area. The temporal and spatial overlapping of various origins of socio-cultural links and relations leads the authors to formulate the concepts of cultural genotype and primary and secondary cultural genotype, and to exemplify the formation of cultural genotypes in the Katowice conurbation.

TSMC: A PEST Analysis of Semiconductor Market

2023-04-11T09:27:01+00:00

With the advent of the pandemic and the outbreak of individuality in inter-state politics, semiconductors, products that have become widely used by high-tech companies, have led to an increase in worldwide demand. But growing nationalism has led nations not to cooperate on the successful joint and equitable growth of these innovative technologies. This research analyses through a PEST analysis the political, economic, social and technological consequence of these choices for the largest semiconductor company, TSMC. The results show how, to date, the international chessboard poses four choices facing TSMC’s future, each based on how nations will approach future collaborative choices.

Geographical and Mental Boundaries of Ukrainian Identity

2023-04-11T10:33:20+00:00

The purpose of the research is to establish correspondence between the geographical and mental boundaries of the Ukrainian ethno-political identity. A theoretical and comparative analysis and generalization of historical, geographical, political and sociological theses and data have been applied. The research determines the external boundaries (between Ukraine and the surrounding countries) and internal ones (between the regions of Ukraine). It demonstrates the exceptional importance of the Ukrainian identity opposition to the Russian mental influences. Ukraine is divided into three main regions. Central Ukraine is a mental basis for the Ukrainian identity and political nation. Western Ukraine is notable for the highest level of national consciousness and Ukrainian patriotism. South-Eastern Ukraine is characterized by stronger competition of the Ukrainian and Russian values, but simultaneously by dominating Ukrainian identity.

Technological Transition to Electric Aviation in the Kvarken Region: A Review of the FAIR Reports (Finding Innovations to Accelerate the Implementation of Electric Regional Aviation)

2023-04-11T12:45:08+00:00

Accelerating technological transitions (TT) from carbon-based aviation to Electric Regional Aviation (ERA) is contingent on increased awareness and innovative ideas. Finding innovations to Accelerate the Implementation of Electric Regional Aviation (FAIR) aims to facilitate TT to electric aviation in the Kvarken-Nordland region of Finland, Sweden, and Norway. This paper reviewed 13 reports used in the FAIR project. These reports suggest that TT will provide many socioeconomic and environmental benefits. These include increased connectivity to new areas with zero operational carbon footprints, reduced cost, and travel time. However, most of the investigations in the FAIR reports focused on economic and technical aspects. Studies suggest that TT is also contingent on human factors such as public engagement and participation. Therefore, this paper notes that it is imperative to increase the knowledge of ERA among young people in higher educational institutions in the region, particularly given that they constitute an integral part of the aviation market. In addition, although the three universities participating in the FAIR project have energy-related studies, which are essential in advancing knowledge on TT, they lack aviation-specific courses. This paper proposes that, in their next agenda, regional actors could advocate for the introduction of a multidisciplinary aviation-centred course into the university curriculum. The idea is that such inclusion not only will increase the knowledge of ERA and the chances for accelerated innovative ideas in the implementation process but could also motivate and spur increased engagement in climate actions among young people.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourism in the Tatra County (Poland)

2023-04-20T09:50:47+00:00

The COVID-19 pandemic and the numerous restrictions implemented because of it have had a huge impact on the tourism sector around the world. The aim of this study is to identify and assess their effects on tourism in the Tatra County, the area in which there are some of the most popular tourist places in Poland – the Tatra National Park and the town of Zakopane. The study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant decrease in the tourist traffic in this area in 2020, and as a result, a smaller number of incidents requiring the intervention of the Tatra Volunteer Search and Rescue, less demand for accommodation or fewer foreign tourists. In addition, entrepreneurs directly or indirectly involved in the tourism industry recorded lower revenues or losses. Smaller revenues were also recorded in the mentioned town of Zakopane.