Argumenta Historica. Czasopismo Naukowo - Dydaktyczne

Wydział Trolejbusów, lata 1946–1951

2022-12-15T12:16:24+00:00

Before World War II, the main means of the municipality transport in Gdynia were buses. When in 1942, the management of the newly-established transport company – Verkehrsbetriebe Danzig-Gotenhafen AG (VDG) which operated in Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia accepted that the optimization of transport solutions should be undertaken, in 1943 they made a decision concerning opening of the trolleybus network in the part of the agglomeration. After pushing the German troops out of the city, opening of the first trolleybus line (19th march 1946) in relatively slightly destroyed Gdynia was being awaited for quite a long time. There was a lack of overhead wiring because of its severe damage and it required almost entire reconstruction. The article is devoted to the process of recreation of this modern transport solution in the city.

Miejskie Zakłady Komunikacyjne w Gdańsku, 1945–1946. Bilans otwarcia

2022-12-15T12:26:02+00:00

In April, clearing up of the streets in Gdańsk, barricade and derelict buildings dismantling, first road and bridge works were initiated; signposts erected. At the same time the first transport company – Miejskie Zakłady Komunikacyjne [Municipality Transport Company], operating in Gdańsk area, was established (a year later transformed into the bigger organization covering Gdynia and Sopot – Międzykomunalne Zakłady Komunikacyjne Gdańsk Gdynia [Gdańsk Gdynia Inter-municipality Transport Company] and the first employees appeared in the Wrzeszcz workshops. Thanks to them, the first tram went to the city streets on 28th June 1945. The article presents the results of the Municipality Transport Company activities. During the turbulent years, at the turn of 1945 and 1946, transportation city space was organized and directions of changes, which were implemented in the subsequent years, were defined.

Edukacja, dyplomacja, pieniądze i wojny. Podróże Karola IV Luksemburskiego w świetle jego autobiografii

2022-12-15T12:41:03+00:00

The aim of this article was to reconstruct the journeys of Charles IV of Luxembourg in the years 1316–1346. It will also consider answers to the following questions: Where did he travel? For what purpose? What distances did he travel? Who accompanied him during the journeys? What means of transport did he use? These issues were resolved by analysing the source, the autobiography of Charles IV, translated from Latin by Magdalena Nowakowska, edited by Anna Paner. In order to supplement the information, the literature on the life of Charles IV and the issue of travel in Middle Ages were used. As well as geographic method of marking places and events on the map. To reconstruct the distances that Karol covered, Google Maps was used. Thanks to these methods, it became possible to answer the questions posed. Destinations for the journey, their purpose, and the route of the road travelled were established, although the latter could not always be reproduced with equal detail. Estimates of the distances travelled revealed that Charles had travelled at least 25,900 kilometres in the first thirty years of his life. Depending on the speed of his travels, it could take him more than two to more than three years spent only on the move. This indicates the considerable mobility of this ruler, caused both by his character traits and the political situation in Europe in the fourteenth century.

Kulisy życia na Żuławach i Kaszubach w I poł. XIX w. w świetle relacji wspomnieniowej z Gdańska autorstwa Rudolfa Fossa

2022-12-15T12:52:11+00:00

The memories of Rudolf Foss are a great source of information on the history of Gdańsk in the first half of the 19th century. The author touches on many threads, focusing primarily on issues related to his early childhood education. In addition to numerous descriptions of Gdańsk, R. Foss’s account also includes an extremely interesting description of the Żuławy and Kashubia regions. This description became the basis of this text. It addresses issues related to life in Żuławy and Kashubia and presents the differences between the inhabitants of both regions.

Wypadki komunikacyjne w Gdańsku w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym. Przyczynek do życia codziennego w Wolnym Mieście Gdańsku

2022-12-15T13:41:27+00:00

In the interwar period there were many traffic accidents on the streets of Gdansk. The subject of reflection in this article will be the events in Gdańsk between 1920 and 1939. The sources are statistical materials and press reports presented mainly in “Danziger Neueste Nachrichten” and “Gazeta Gdańska”.

Prywatyzacja kutrów burtowych floty Przedsiębiorstwa Połowów i Usług Rybackich „Koga” w Helu w latach 1988–1993

2022-12-15T14:05:16+00:00

The article aims to present the issues related to the privatization of the fleet of Fishery and Fishing Services Company “Koga” in Hel. The decisions taken by the company’s authorities about the disposal of individual fleet segments influenced the form of this exposition, which consists of two main parts. The first one presents the process of withdrawing the older B-25s type side cutters. They sold due to poor technical condition, and their recipients were domestic and foreign shipowners. The second part of the article deals with a group of nine B-25s/A side cutters, leased to private shipowners who were before employees of the company. When the “Koga” was sold, it considered these boats unnecessary, which related to the modernization of the combined fleet by introducing modern B-280 stern trawlers. The bad technical condition of individual units also contributed to the sale of the sideboards. The presented article is an attempt to present the privatization process of the first two groups of cutters operated by PPiUR “Koga” in Hel.

Ostatnia czarownica w Prusach Zachodnich. Sprawa Elżbiety Duszkowskiej z roku 1856 oraz kontrowersje wokół Krystyny Ceynowy

2023-03-27T14:59:25+00:00

So far, it has been widely accepted in Polish historiography that the last woman murdered as a result of being accused of witchcraft was Krystyna Ceynowa. This text proves that such accusations also occurred much later, although they were not as widespread as the case of the Ceynowy commune. Moreover, even in a seemingly famous and louder case like the one from 1836, there are still many inaccuracies that result from the lack of reference to sources or their incompetent interpretation.

Przełom? Przekształcenie Biura Wystaw Artystycznych w Sopocie w Państwową Galerię Sztuki w Sopocie

2022-12-16T08:37:07+00:00

The article describes the changes in the organization of the Art Exhibitions Office in Sopot in the late 1980s and early 1990s, leading to the name change to the State Art Gallery in Sopot. The study emphasizes the gallery’s functioning and exhibitions, however it does not evaluate the artists associated with the local artistic environment or the program of the gallery. The author, based on materials from the gallery’s archives, raises such issues as insufficient budget support, problems with the gallery’s facilities, and organizational and administrative chaos, which were typical for the majority of cultural and artistic institutions at the beginning of the 1990s.

Japonia w latach 1936–1945 jako państwo totalitarne?

2022-12-16T09:56:39+00:00

Despite numerous comprehensive publications on the Japanese state and society in the 1930s and 1940s published to date, there is hardly any common ground among the researchers concerning the nature of the political system in early Shōwa era. This article examines the changes introduced in 1936–1945 Japan by the reformist and militarist clique while trying to address the question of whether or not those policies managed to make it a totalitarian state. The resulting conclusion is that Japan in 1936–1945 cannot be called a totalitarian state. In fact, it represented a classic type of modern authoritarian monarchy.

Patroni gdańskich gimnazjów publicznych

2022-12-16T10:06:36+00:00

The article has been divided into four sections. The first section analyses the significance of the patron in the life of schools and the definition of the term “patron”. The second section presents systematization of the names of Gdańsk junior high schools, for instance a list of schools with and without patrons, or classifications of patrons according to the type of their activity. The next section gives a brief overview of symbolic elements that identify schools, including banners, logo and school’s anthems. The fourth section investigates the question of the presence of patrons in the life of Gdańsk junior high schools, for example celebrating Patron’s Days, organizing competitions, events and artistic performances related to their figures.

Trudności kadrowe w funkcjonowaniu Powiatowego Urzędu Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego w Sztumie w latach 1947–1952 – próba analizy

2022-12-16T10:18:48+00:00

The aim of the author of this article is to show, how the staffing difficulties of the Poviat Office of Public Security (PUBP) in Sztum, resulting from the fact that the central authorities of the Ministry of Public Security allocated far too few posts for the Sztum poviat, hindered the current work of this institution in the years 1947–1952. The time caesura adopted by the author results from the fact that in August 1947 changes were introduced in the structure of field units of the security apparatus. The new system systematized the organization of district units of the security service according to the importance of tasks and the size of subordinated areas. As far as the second date is concerned, in March 1952, another change was made to the organisational layout of dystrakt political police units. The reform introduced at that time was aimed at shifting the centre of gravity of the activities of the repressive organs to the territory of individual communes. The author’s research thesis is to prove that the insufficient quantitative and qualitative level of operative officers of the PUBP in Sztum in the analysed period was of key importance for the functioning of this unit of the poviat apparatus of the BP, as it negatively influenced its current operational work and not only made it difficult, but practically impossible to fulfil adequately the tasks set for the officers of the BP apparatus in Sztum by their superiors from the WUBP (Voivodeship Office of Public Security) in Gdańsk, both in the shorter and longer time perspective. On the other hand, complaining about staff shortages and insufficient assistance from the province in solving current problems in operational work by the management of the PUBP in Sztum was nothing unusual in the scale of the province and the country, and made it possible to at least partially cover up the shortcomings of their own effectiveness in work before their superiors.