Supervision of Crypto-asset Service Providers

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4467/22996834FLR.26.005.24196

Keywords:

CASP, Crypto-assets, DORAR, MiCAR, reverse solicitation

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyse the regulations concerning CASPs and outsourcing in the CA market from the perspective of supervisory regulations and to answer the question of the completeness and coherency of the adopted regulations, especially with regard to CASPs from third countries, under the normative conditions of Article 61 of MiCA. The point of reference for the considerations presented in this article is, first, the principle of financial stability related to CASP activities, second, the principle of digital security formulated in the DORA Regulation. The conclusions of the study can be summarised as follows: there are functional links between the supervisory regulations for CASPs under MiCAR and DORAR, which are of key importance for digital security and resilience in the crypto-asset market, whilst Article 61 of MiCAR provides for highly flexible, from the perspective of client protection under-regulated provisions of client acquisition.

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References

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Buttigieg, C.P.: MiCA and the flawed premise of the centralised supervision: operational burden vs. supervisory consistency, ERA Forum vol. 27, 2026.

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Mostowik, M.: Świadczenie usług w modelu reverse solicitation na rynku płatności internetowych [Provision of services under the reverse solicitation model in the online payments market], Monitor Prawa Bankowego [Banking Law Monitor], no. 7/8, 2022.

Srokosz, W.: Zakres przedmiotowy stosowania rozporządzenia MiCA: wybrane problemy [The material scope of the MiCA Regulation: selected issues], [in:] Księga Zjazdu Katedr i Zakładów Prawa Finansowego i Prawa Podatkowego "Misja prawa finansowego – wyzwania współczesności" [Book of the Congress of Departments and Institutes of Financial Law and Tax Law "The Mission of Financial Law – Contemporary Challenges], eds. E. Feret, P. Majka, Rzeszów 2023.

Srokosz, W.: Reglamentacja świadczenia usług w zakresie kryptoaktywów [Regulation of the provision of services relating to crypto-assets], Monitor Prawa Bankowego [Banking Law Monitor], no. 4, 2025.

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Legal Acts

Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 (Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on digital operational resilience for the financial sector and amending Regulations (EC) No 1060/2009, (EU) No 648/2012, (EU) No 600/2014, (EU) No 909/2014 and (EU) 2016/1011).

Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 (Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 May 2023 on markets in crypto-assets, and amending Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010 and (EU) No 1095/2010 and Directives 2013/36/EU and (EU) 2019/1937).

Directive (EU) 2023/2226 (Council Directive (EU) 2023/2226 of 17 October 2023 amending Directive 2011/16/EU on administrative cooperation in the field of taxation).

Other official documents

Guidelines on situations in which a third-country firm is deemed to solicit clients established or situated in the EU and the supervision practices to detect and prevent circumvention of the reverse solicitation exemption under the Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation (MiCA), ESMA35-1872330276-2030. Available at: https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2025-02/ESMA35-1872330276-2030_Guidelines_on_reverse_solicitation_under_MiCA.pdf, accessed: March 3rd, 2026.

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Published

09.10.2026

How to Cite

Fedorowicz, M. (2026). Supervision of Crypto-asset Service Providers. Financial Law Review, (42(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.4467/22996834FLR.26.005.24196

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Section

Articles