Uniwersyteckie Czasopisma NaukoweEmployee experience and well-being at work – from theoretical considerations to practical investigations
Słowa kluczowe:
employee well-being, employee experience, HRM, quantitativeAbstrakt
Background
The aim of the article is to show the main approaches in defining employee well-being (EWB) and employee experience (EX), their antecedents and effects within organizations and the relations between these two phenomena. The second objective is to explore human resources (HR) practitioners’ knowledge of how to distinguish between the two phenomena and their approach to taking responsibility for implementing and investing in EWB and EX initiatives in organizations.
Participants and procedure
Research procedure leveraged computer-assisted web interview technique, where respondents filled out online version of the questionnaire, distributed through the LinkedIn platform. A total of 41 HR experts completed the questionnaire. Respondents represented large companies, mainly managers with more than 10 years of experience.
Results
There are significant differences between EX and EWB in the literature; however, the boundaries are blurred, especially in the context of their relations with personal and organizational outcomes resulting from increasing or main taining the two concepts. Practitioners acknowledge the differences between the two constructs, yet the initiatives they deliver address the same goals without considering distinctions. Responsibility for managing and implementing interventions related to EWB and EX is mainly held by one subject – the HR department. Finally, no matter the approach to EX or EWB, most of the investments are focused on vocational skill development, physical health and comfortable working conditions.
Conclusions
Despite differences in the scientific literature, EWB and EX interpermeate conceptually and influence each other in the organizational environment. This leads to actions that are focused equally on both phenomena without regard to their impact on people and organizations. An in-depth investigation of the mechanisms responsible for creating and maintaining EWB and EX allows to understand the mutual penetrability.
Downloads
Bibliografia
Abhari, K. (2008). Enhancing service experience through understanding employee experience management. International Seminar on Optimizing Business Research and Information Technology. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/40107306/Enhancing_Service_Experience_through_Understanding_Employee_Experience_Management
Batat, W. (2022). The employee experience (EMX) framework for well-being: an agenda for the future. Employee Relations, 44, 993–1013. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-03-2022-0133/FULL/PDF
Bersin, J., Flynn, J., Mazor, A., & Melián, V. (2017). Rewriting the rules for the digital age. 2017 Deloitte global human capital trends. Deloitte University Press.
Chaudhari, S. R., Singh, A., & Saini, G. K. (2023). ‘Life @ work’ storytelling: Exploring a new meaning of employee experience. NHRD Network Journal, 16, 303–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/26314541231170447
Chomątowska, B., Żarczyńska-Dobiesz, A., & Janiak, A. M. (2019). Wykorzystanie wybranych narzędzi Design Thinking w budowaniu doświadczeń zróżnicowanych pokoleniowo pracowników [The use of selected Design Thinking tools in building experience of diverse generations of employees]. Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie, 20, 171–187.
Cornelius, N., Ozturk, M. B., & Pezet, E. (2022). The experience of work and experiential workers: Mainline and critical perspectives on employee experience. Personnel Review, 51, 433–443. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2022-887
Dagenais-Desmarais, V., & Savoie, A. (2012). What is psychological well-being, really? A grassroots approach from the organizational sciences. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13, 659–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-011-9285-3
Daniels, K., Tregaskis, O., Nayani, R., & Watson, D. (2022). Achieving sustainable workplace wellbeing. Springer.
Danna, K., & Griffin, R. W. (1999). Health and wellbeing in the workplace: a review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of Management, 25, 357–384. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639902500305
Das, S. C., & Dhan, S. A. (2023). Trends and directions of employee experience: a bibliometric review for future research agenda. Paradigm, 27, 172–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/09718907231190457
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: a macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology, 49, 182–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/A0012801
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
Fleming, W. J. (2024). Employee well-being outcomes from individual-level mental health interventions: Cross-sectional evidence from the United Kingdom. Industrial Relations Journal, 55, 162–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/IRJ.12418
Grant, A. M., Christianson, M. K., & Price, R. H. (2007). Happiness, health, or relationships? Managerial practices and employee well-being tradeoffs. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 21, 51–63. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2007.26421238
Hasson, G., & Butler, D. (2020). Mental health and wellbeing in the workplace. John Wiley & Sons.
Hesketh, I., & Cooper, C. (2019). Wellbeing at work: How to design, implement and evaluate an effective strategy. Kogan Page.
Heskett, J. L., Sasser Jr., W. E., & Schlesinger, L. A. (1997). The service profit chain: How leading companies link profit and growth to loyalty, satisfaction and value. Free Press.
Holman, D., Johnson, S., & O’Connor, E. (2018). Stress management interventions: Improving subjective psychological well-being in the workplace. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.), Handbook of well-being (pp. 1–13). DEF Publishers.
Inceoglu, I., Thomas, G., Chu, C., Plans, D., & Gerbasi, A. (2018). Leadership behavior and employee well-being: an integrated review and a future research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 29, 179–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.12.006
Itam, U., & Ghosh, N. (2020). Employee experience management: a new paradigm shift in HR thinking. International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals, 11, 39–49. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJHCITP
Johnson, S., Robertson, I., & Cooper, C. L. (2018). Well-being: Productivity and happiness at work. Palgrave Macmillan.
Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction-job performance relationship: a qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 376–407. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.3.376
Judge, T. A., & Watanabe, S. (1993). Another look at the job satisfaction-life satisfaction relationship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 939–948. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.6.939
Kramer, R. M., & Tyler, T. R. (1996). Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research. Sage Publications.
Leka, S., Jain, A., Houtman, I., McDaid, D., Park, A., De Broeck, V., & Wynne, R. (2014). Evaluation of policy and practice to promote mental health in the workplace in Europe: Final report. Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, European Commission.
Lipka, A. (2022). Employee experience. Zarządzanie kapitałem ludzkim w kategoriach rynku doznań [Employee experience. Human capital management in terms of the experience market]. Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne.
Maylett, T., & Wride, M. D. (2017). The employee experience: How to attract talent, retain top performers, and drive results. Wiley.
Molek-Winiarska, D., & Molek-Kozakowska, K. (2020). Are organizations committed to stress management interventions? Employee Relations, 42, 1309–1325. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-08-2019-0314
Morgan, J. (2017). Why the millions we spend on employee engagement buy us so little. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2017/03/why-the-millions-we-spend-on-employee-engagement-buy-us-so-little
Msuya, S., Sanga, J., & Dominic, T. (2023). Elevating workplace employee wellbeing through transformational leadership and organisational support: Lessons from Tanzania’s higher learning institutions. Business Management Review, 26, 18–38. https://doi.org/10.56279/bmrj.v26i1.2
Nielsen, K., & Noblet, A. J. (2018). Organizational interventions for health and well-being: a handbook for evidence-based practice. Routledge.
NIOSH (2024). NIOSH worker well-being questionnaire (WellBQ). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHPUB2021110
Plaskoff, J. (2017). Employee experience: The new human resource management approach. Strategic HR Review, 16, 136–141. https://doi.org/10.1108/SHR-12-2016-0108
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: a critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future
research. Journal of Management, 26, 513–563. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600307
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
Samans, R. (2024). Human-centred economics. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37435-7
Schmitt, B. (2010). Experience marketing: Concepts, frameworks and consumer insights. Foundations and Trends in Marketing, 5, 55–112. https://doi.org/10.1561/1700000027
Schulte, P., & Vainio, H. (2010). Well-being at work – overview and perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 36, 422–429. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40967878
Searle, B. (2008). Well-being: In search of a good life? Polity Press.
Seligman, M. (2018). PERMA and the building blocks of well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13, 333–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1437466
Shambi, J. (2021). Redefining employee experience during the pandemic. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 9, 434–438. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2021.93027
Song, Z., & Baicker, K. (2019). Effect of a workplace wellness program on employee health and economic outcomes: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 321, 1491–1501. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.2019.3307
Spector, P. E. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes, and consequences. Sage Publications.
Tucker, E. (2020). Driving engagement with the employee experience. Strategic HR Review, 19, 183–187. https://doi.org/10.1108/SHR-03-2020-0023
Van De Voorde, K., Paauwe, J., & Van Veldhoven, M. (2012). Employee well-being and the HRM-organizational performance relationship: a review of quantitative studies. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14, 391–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-2370.2011.00322.X
Warr, P. (1990). The measurement of well-being and other aspects of mental health. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 193–210. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8325.1990.TB00521.X
Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., Ravert, R. D., Williams, M. K., Bede Agocha, V., Yeong Kim, S., & Brent Donnellan, M. (2010). The Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being: Psychometric properties, demographic comparisons, and evidence of validity. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903435208
WHO (2018). Mental health: strengthening our response. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response
WHO (2022). WHO guidelines on mental health at work. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240053052
Wright, T. A., & Cropanzano, R. (2000). Psychological well-being and job satisfaction as predictors of job performance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 84–94. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.5.1.84
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Work engagement and financial returns: a diary study on the role of job and personal resources. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82, 183–200. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317908X285633
Yohn, D. L. (2018, January 2). 2018 will be the year of employee experience. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/deniselyohn/2018/01/02/2018-will-be-the-year-of-employee-experience/
Zeidan, S., & Itani, N. (2020). Cultivating employee engagement in organizations: Development of a conceptual framework. Central European Management Journal, 28, 99–118. https://doi.org/10.7206/CEMJ.2658-0845.18
Zelles, R. (2015). Better profitability through higher employee engagement in the knowledge worker age. Journal of Human Resource Management, 2, 62–72.
