Validity and reliability of the Polish version of the Short Hopelessness Scale

Authors

  • Paulina A. Koryczan University of Gdańsk
  • Piotr P. Piotrowski University of Gdańsk
  • Wojciech M. Roj University of Gdańsk
  • Stanisław K. Czerwiński University of Gdańsk
  • Paweł A. Atroszko University of Gdańsk

Keywords:

hopelessness, quality of life, scale, tau-equivalence, well-being

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Short Hopelessness Scale in an undergraduate student sample. The scale was originally developed as a brief measure of hopelessness for large scale epidemiological surveys and is based on two commonly used measures of hopelessness.

Participants and procedure
A total of 4098 students from different Polish universities took part in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the model fit. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to investigate the relationship between hopelessness scale and criterion variables.

Results
Due to the lack of fit of the initial congeneric, unidimensional model, the lowest loading item was removed, and a tau-equivalent model with three items was tested. The tau-equivalent model showed a good fit to the data. The scale had adequate reliability. Hopelessness was positively related to anxiety, depression, and stress and negatively related to the quality of life, health, and self-esteem.

Conclusions
The study provides evidence of good psychometric properties in terms of factorial structure, reliability and criterion validity of the shortened 3-item Polish version of a hopelessness scale. Future studies should investigate its predictive value, especially in terms of suicidal ideation and behaviour, as well as other health outcomes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahookhosh, P., Bahmani, B., Asgari, A., & Moghaddam, H. H. (2017). Family relationships and suicide ideation: the mediating roles of anxiety, hopelessness, and depression in adolescents. International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction, 6, e31573. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.31573.

Atroszko, P. A. (2015). The structure of study addiction: Selected risk factors and the relationship with stress, stress coping and psychosocial functioning (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.

Atroszko, P. A. (2018). Commentary on: The Bergen Study Addiction Scale: psychometric properties of the Italian version. A pilot study. Theoretical and methodological issues in the research on study addiction with relevance to the debate on conceptualising behavioural addictions. Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna, 18, 276–282. https://doi.org/10.15557/pipk.2018.0034.

Atroszko, P. A., Andreassen, C. S., Griffiths, M. D., & Pallesen, S. (2015a). Study addiction – a new area of psychological study: Conceptualization, assessment, and preliminary empirical findings. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4, 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.007.

Atroszko, P. A., Bagińska, P., Mokosińska, M., Sawicki A., & Atroszko, B. (2015b). Validity and reliability of single-item self-report measures of general quality of life, general health and sleep quality. In M. McGreevy & R. Rita (Eds.), Proceedings of the 4th Biannual CER Comparative European Research Conference (pp. 207–211). London: Sciemcee Publishing.

Atroszko, P. A., Sawicki, A., Sendal, L., & Atroszko, B. (2017). Validity and reliability of single-item self-report measure of global self-esteem. In M. McGreevy & R. Rita (Eds.), Proceedings of the 7th Biannual CER Comparative European Research Conference (pp. 120–123). London: Sciemcee Publishing.

Baines, L., Jones, A., & Christiansen, P. (2016). Hopelessness and alcohol use: The mediating role of drinking motives and outcome expectancies. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 4, 65–69. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.abrep.2016.11.001.

Beck, A. T. (1963). Thinking and depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 9, 324–333.

Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression. Clinical, experimental and theoretical aspects. New York: Hoeber Medical Division, Harper & Row.

Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893–897. https:// doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893.

Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 861–865. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037562.

Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238.

Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588–606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588.

Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002). The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: an updated literature review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 52, 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00296-3.

Brown, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136– 162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Chioqueta, A. P., & Stiles, T. C. (2005). Personality traits and the development of depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 1283–1291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.08.010.

Clarke, P., Fisher, G., House, J., Smith, J., & Weir, D. (2008). Guide to content of the HRS psychosocial leave-behind participant lifestyle questionnaires: 2004 & 2006. Documentation Report Version 2.0. Retrieved from http://hrsonline.isr.umich.edu/sitedocs/userg/HRS2006LBQscale.pdf.

Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385–396. https://doi. org/10.2307/2136404.

Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R., Blaine, B., & Broadnax, S. (1994). Collective self-esteem and psychological wellbeing among White, Black, and Asian college students. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 503–513. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167294205007.

Czerwiński, S. K., Mackiewicz, J. J., Mytlewska, W. M., & Atroszko, P. A. (2020). Factorial validity, measurement invariance and concurrent validity of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Polish undergraduate student sample. Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna, in print.

Dori, G. A., & Overholser, J. C. (1999). Depression, hopelessness, and self-esteem: Accounting for suicidality in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 29, 309–318.

Everson, S. A., Kaplan, G. A., Goldberg, D. E., & Salonen, J. T. (2000). Hypertension incidence is predicted by high levels of hopelessness in Finnish men. Hypertension, 35, 561–567. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0025449.

Everson, S. A., Kaplan, G. A., Goldberg, D. E., Salonen, R., & Salonen, J. T. (1997). Hopelessness and 4-year progression of carotid atherosclerosis: The Kuopio ischemic heart disease risk factor study. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 17, 1490–1495. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.17.8.1490.

Gustafsson, J. E., Allodi Westling, M., Alin Åkerman, B., Eriksson, C., Augustine, L., Fischbein, S., Granlund, M., Gustafsson, P., Ljungdahl, S., Ogden, T., & Persson, R. S. (2010). School, learning and mental health: a systematic review. Stockholm: Health Committee, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Gustavsson-Lilius, M., Julkunen, J., & Hietanen, P. (2007). Quality of life in cancer patients: The role of optimism, hopelessness, and partner support. Quality of Life Research, 16, 75–87. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11136-006-9101-4.

Graham, J. M. (2006). Congeneric and (essentially) tau-equivalent estimates of score reliability. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 930–944. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164406288165.

Hanna, D., White, R., Lyons, K., McParland, M. J., Shannon, C., & Mulholland, C. (2011). The structure of the Beck Hopelessness Scale: a confirmatory factor analysis in UK students. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 17–22. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.03.001.

Hjemdal, O., Friborg, O., & Stiles, T. C. (2012). Resilience is a good predictor of hopelessness even after accounting for stressful life events, mood and personality (NEO-PI-R). Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 53, 174–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 9450.2011.00928.x.

Höfer, P., Rockett, I. R. H., Värnik, P., Etzersdorfer, E., & Kapusta, N. D. (2012). Forty years of increasing suicide mortality in Poland: Undercounting amidst a hanging epidemic? BMC Public Health, 12, 644. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-644.

Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. https://doi. org/10.1080/10705519909540118.

Kemper, C. J., Trapp, S., Kathmann, N., Samuel, D. B., & Ziegler, M. (2018). Short versus long scales in clinical assessment: Exploring the trade-off between resources saved and psychometric quality lost using two measures of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Assessment, 26, 767–782. https://doi. org/10.1177/1073191118810057.

Kliem, S., Lohmann, A., Mößle, T., & Brähler, E. (2018). Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS): Results from a German representative population sample. BMC Psychiatry, 18, 110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1646-6.

Kline, R. B. (2004). Beyond significance testing: Reforming data analysis methods in behavioural research. Washington: American Psychological Association.

Kuo, W. H., Gallo, J. J., & Eaton, W. W. (2004). Hopelessness, depression, substance disorder, and suicidality. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39, 497–501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-004-0775-z.

Lawendowski, R., Bereznowski, P., Wróbel, W. K., Kierzkowski, M., & Atroszko, P. A. (2019). Study addiction among musicians: Measurement, and relationship with personality, social anxiety, performance, and psychosocial functioning. Musicae Scientiae. https://doi.org/10.1177/1029864918822138.

Lee, E. H. (2012). Review of the psychometric evidence of the Perceived Stress Scale. Asian Nursing Research, 6, 121–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. anr.2012.08.004.

Liu, R. T., Kleiman, E. M., Nestor, B. A., & Cheek, S. M. (2015). The hopelessness theory of depression: a quarter-century in review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 22, 345–365. https://doi. org/10.1111/cpsp.12125.

Loscalzo, Y., & Giannini, M. (2018). The Bergen Study Addiction Scale: psychometric properties of the Italian version. A pilot study. Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna, 18, 271–275. https://doi.org/10.15557/pipk.2018.0033.

Mamun, M. A., Hossain, M. S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Mental health problems and associated predictors among Bangladeshi students. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00144-8.

Melges, F. T., & Bowlby, J. (1969). Types of hopelessness in psycho‐pathological process. Archives of General Psychiatry, 20, 690–699. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1969.01740180074007.

Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998-2010). Mplus User’s Guide (6th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén. Mystakidou, K., Tsilika, E., Parpa, E., Pathiaki, M., Galanos, A., & Vlahos, L. (2008). The relationship between quality of life and levels of hopelessness and depression in palliative care. Depression and Anxiety, 25, 730–736. https://doi.org/10.1002/ da.20319.

Nezlek, J. B., Rusanowska, M., Holas, P., & Krejtz, I. (2019). The factor structure of a Polish language version of the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s12144-019-0164-0.

Petrie, K., & Brook, R. (1992). Sense of coherence, self-esteem, depression and hopelessness as correlates of reattempting suicide. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 3, 293–300. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00996.x.

Pompili, M., Innamorati, M., Gonda, X., Serafini, G., Sarno, S., Erbuto, D., & Girardi, P. (2013). Affective temperaments and hopelessness as predictors of health and social general functioning in mood disorders patients: a prospective follow-up study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 150, 216–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.03.026.

Price, M. A., Butow, P. N., Bell, M. L., Defazio, A., Friedlander, M., Fardell, J. E., Protani, M. M., & Webb, P. M. (2016). Helplessness/hopelessness, minimization and optimism predict survival in women with invasive ovarian cancer: a role for targeted support during initial treatment decisionmaking? Supportive Care in Cancer, 24, 2627–2634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-015-3070-5.

Rammstedt, B., & Beierlein, C. (2014). Can’t we make it any shorter? The limits of personality assessment and ways to overcome them. Journal of Individual Differences, 35, 212–220. https://doi. org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000141.

Raykov, T. (1997a). Estimation of composite reliability for congeneric measures. Applied Psychological Measurement, 21, 173–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/01466216970212006.

Raykov, T. (1997b). Scale reliability, Cronbach’s coefficient alpha, and violations of essential tau-equivalence with fixed congeneric components. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32, 329–353. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3204_2.

Ribeiro, J. D., Huang, X., Fox, K. R., & Franklin, J. C. (2018). Depression and hopelessness as risk factors for suicide ideation, attempts and death: Meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 212, 279–286. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.27.

Rice, K. G., Leever, B. A., Christopher, J., & Porter, J. D. (2006). Perfectionism, stress, and social (dis)connection: a short-term study of hopelessness, depression, and academic adjustment among honors students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 524– 534. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.4.524.

Robins, R. W., Hendin, H. M., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2001). Measuring global self-esteem: Construct validation of a single-item measure and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 151–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201272002.

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent selfimage. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Rueda-Jaimes, G. E., Castro-Rueda, V. A., Rangel-Martínez-Villalba, A. M., Moreno-Quijano, C., MartinezSalazar, G. A., & Camacho, P. A. (2018). Validation of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in patients with suicide risk. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 11, 86–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsmen.2016.09.004.

Schmitt, D. P., & Allik, J. (2005). Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in 53 nations: Exploring the universal and culturespecific features of global self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 623–642. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.4.623.

Skevington, S. M., Lotfy, M., & O’Connell, K. A. (2004). The World Health Organization’s WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: Psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL group. Quality of Life Research, 13, 299–310. https://doi. org/10.1023/B:QURE.0000018486.91360.00.

Sonnega, A., & Weir, D. R. (2014). The Health and Retirement Study: A Public Data Resource for Research on Aging. Open Health Data, 2, e7. https://doi.org/10.5334/ohd.am.

Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: an interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25, 173–180. https://doi. org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2502_4.

Tarrier, N., Barrowclough, C., Andrews, B., & Gregg, L. (2004). Risk of non-fatal suicide ideation and behaviour in recent onset schizophrenia: The influence of clinical, social, self-esteem and demographic factors. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39, 927–937. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-004-0828-3.

Thompson, E. A., Mazza, J. J., Herting, J. R., Randell, B. P., & Eggert, L. L. (2005). The mediating roles of anxiety depression, and hopelessness on adolescent suicidal behaviors. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 35, 14–34. https://doi.org/10.1521/ suli.35.1.14.59266.

Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 38, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291170.

Twenge, J. M. (2000). The age of anxiety? The birth cohort change in anxiety and neuroticism, 1952- 1993. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 1007–1021. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022- 3514.79.6.1007.

Twenge, J. M., Gentile, B., Dewall, C. N., Ma, D., Lacefield, K., & Schurtz, D. R. (2010). Birth cohort increases in psychopathology among young Americans, 1938–2007: a cross-temporal meta-analysis of the MMPI. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 145– 154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.10.005.

Wilson, C. J., & Deane, F. P. (2010). Help-negation and suicidal ideation: The role of depression, anxiety and hopelessness. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 291–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9487-8.

Ziegler, M., Kemper, C. J., & Kruyen, P. (2014). Short scales – five misunderstandings and ways to overcome them. Journal of Individual Differences, 35, 185–189. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000148.

Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.

Downloads

Published

2020-10-01

How to Cite

Koryczan, P. A., Piotrowski, P. P., Roj, W. M., Czerwiński, S. K., & Atroszko, P. A. (2020). Validity and reliability of the Polish version of the Short Hopelessness Scale. Health Psychology Report, 8(4), 445–452. Retrieved from https://czasopisma.bg.ug.edu.pl/index.php/HPR/article/view/5417

Issue

Section

Artykuły