Uniwersyteckie Czasopisma NaukoweThe importance of self-efficacy and health behaviors in adolescents’ body mass index: the mediating roles of body esteem and problematic internet use
Słowa kluczowe:
body mass index, distress, self-efficacy, body esteem, problematic Instagram useAbstrakt
Background:
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between personal characteristics and body mass index (BMI) and the role of problematic Instagram use and body esteem.
Participants and procedure:
The study included 695 adolescents aged 14-18 years (526 females, M = 17.01, SD = 0.88). The following measures were used: the General Self-Esteem Scale (GSES), the Distress Scale, the Problematic Instagram Use Questionnaire, the Health Behavior Inventory, the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA), and body mass index (BMI).
Results:
The results showed that problematic Instagram use mediated the relationship between distress and BMI. Additionally, body-esteem appearance and body-esteem weight mediated the relationships between distress, self-efficacy, and health behaviors and BMI. The mediating role of body-esteem attribution and problematic Instagram use was found in the relationships between distress, self-efficacy, and health behaviors and BMI.
Conclusions:
The findings indicate that problematic Instagram use and the dimensions of body esteem play a key mediating role in the associations between distress, self-efficacy, health behaviors, and BMI. These results highlight the importance of addressing body image perceptions and social media use in interventions aimed at promoting healthy weight management and mitigating the negative impact of psychological distress on physical health. These findings can be used to develop workshops and educational programs on social networking sites for adolescents.
Downloads
Bibliografia
Abrante, D., & Carballeira, M. (2023). Self-exposure on Instagram and BMI: Relations with body image among both genders. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 19, 180–191. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.7221
Agyapong-Opoku, N., Agyapong-Opoku, F., & Greenshaw, A. J. (2025). Effects of social media use on youth and adolescent mental health: a scoping review of reviews. Behavioral Sciences, 15, 574. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050574
Ahadzadeh, A. S., Sharif, S. P., & Ong, F. S. (2017). Self-schema and self-discrepancy mediate the influence of Instagram usage on body image satisfaction among youth. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 8–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.011
Alluhidan, A., Park, J. K., Akter, M., Rodgers, R., Razi, A., & Wisniewski, P. J. (2025). Unfiltered: How teens engage in body image and shaming discussions via Instagram direct messages (DMs). Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 9, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1145/3757698
Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: an agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1
Błachnio, A., Przepiórka, A., & Cudo, A. (2023). The relations between Facebook intrusion, emotional functioning, and health problems. Current Psychology, 42, 50–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01374-7
Bornioli, A., Lewis-Smith, H., Slater, A., & Bray, I. (2021). Body dissatisfaction predicts the onset of depression among adolescent females and males: a prospective study. Journal of Epidemiol Community Health, 75, 343–348. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-213033
Chansiri, K., & Wongphothiphan, T. (2023). The indirect effects of Instagram images on women’s self-esteem: The moderating roles of BMI and perceived weight. New Media & Society, 25, 2572–2594. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211029975
Conner, M., & Norman, P. (2017). Health behaviour: Current issues and challenges. Psychology & Health, 32, 895–906. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2017.1336240
Curran, J. (2003). Body image: a handbook of theory, research and clinical practice. Mental Health Practice, 7, 27–29. https://doi.org/10.7748/mhp.7.2.27.s21
Dalkıç, A., & Kaya, Z. (2021). Predictive effect of adolescents’ body cathexis on general self-efficacy and the use of Instagram. Participatory Educational Research, 8, 476–492. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.50.8.2
Drążkowski, D., Pietrzak, S., & Mądry, L. (2022). Temporary change in personality states among social media users: Effects of Instagram use on Big Five personality states and consumers’ need for uniqueness. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 10, 32–38. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2021.110938
Elphinston, R. A., & Noller, P. (2011). Time to face it! Facebook intrusion and the implications for romantic jealousy and relationship satisfaction. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14, 631–635. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0318
Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E. (2015). Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young women’s body image concerns and mood. Body Image, 13, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.12.002
Griffiths, M. (2005). A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance Use, 10, 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659890500114359
Gürcan, M., & Kaya, A. (2025). The relationship between self-efficacy, healthy lifestyle beliefs, and digital game addiction in adolescents: a structural equation modeling approach. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 57, 151920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2025.151920
Henzel, V., & Håkansson, A. (2021). Hooked on virtual social life: Problematic social media use and associations with mental distress and addictive disorders. PLoS One, 16, e0248406. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248406
Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: a theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319–340. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.319
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Juczyński, Z. (2001). Measurement instruments in health promotion and psychology. Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych PTP.
Kessler, R. C., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Bromet, E., Cuitan, M., Furukawa, T. A., Gureje, O., Hinkov, H., Hu, C. Y., Lara, C., Lee, S., Mneimneh, Z., Myer, L., Oakley-Browne, M., Posada-Villa, J., Sagar, R., Viana, M. C., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2010). Screening for serious mental illness
in the general population with the K6 screening scale: Results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 19, 4–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.310
Kırcaburun, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Problematic Instagram use: The role of perceived feeling of presence and escapism. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17, 909–921. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9895-7
Kleemans, M., Daalmans, S., Carbaat, I., & Anschütz, D. (2018). Picture perfect: The direct effect of manipulated Instagram photos on body image in adolescent girls. Media Psychology, 21, 93–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2016.1257392
Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press. Lopez-Fernandez, O., Romo, L., Kern, L., Rousseau, A.,
Lelonek-Kuleta, B., Chwaszcz, J., Männikkö, N., Rumpf, H. J., Bischof, A., Király, O., Gässler, A. K., Graziani, P., Kääriäinen, M., Landrø, N. I., Zacarés, J. J., Chóliz, M., Dufour, M., Rochat, L., Zullino, D., Achab, S., … Kuss, D. J. (2023). Problematic internet use among adults: a cross-cultural study in 15 countries. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12, 1027. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031027
Matthews, G. (2016). Distress. In G. Fink (Ed.), Stress: Concepts, cognition, emotion, and behavior (pp. 219–226). Academic Press.
Mendelson, B. K., Mendelson, M. J., & White, D. R. (2001). Body-esteem scale for adolescents and adults. Journal of Personality Assessment, 76, 90–106. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA7601_6
Munir, M., & Dawood, S. (2021). Weight stigma and disordered eating behaviors in Pakistani overweight adolescents: The mediating role of body esteem. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 26, 1939–1948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-020-01038-8
Nagata, J. M., Memon, Z., Talebloo, J., Li, K., Low, P., Shao, I. Y., Ganson, K. T., Testa, A., He, J., Brindis, C. D., & Baker, F. C. (2025). Prevalence and patterns of social media use in early adolescents. Academic Pediatrics, 25, 102784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2025.102784
Pedalino, F., & Camerini, A. L. (2022). Instagram use and body dissatisfaction: The mediating role of upward social comparison with peers and influencers among young females. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 1543. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031543
Przepiórka, A., Błachnio, A., Kot, P., & Cudo, A. (2025). Family satisfaction that matters. The relationship between problematic Instagram use, self-esteem and life satisfaction, Revista de Educacion, 408, 21–46. https://doi.org/10.59671/h3J5F
Rezende, L. F. M. D., Rodrigues Lopes, M., Rey-López, J. P., Matsudo, V. K. R., & Luiz, O. D. C. (2014). Sedentary behavior and health outcomes: an overview of systematic reviews. PLoS One, 9, e105620. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105620
Rushton, C. H., Caldwell, M., & Kurtz, M. (2016). Moral distress: a catalyst in building moral resilience. The American Journal of Nursing, 116, 40–49. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000484933.40476.5b
Sagone, E., De Caroli, M. E., & Indiana, M. L. (2018). Psychological well-being and self-efficacy in life skills among Italian preadolescents with positive body esteem: Preliminary results of an intervention project. Psychology, 9, 1383–1396. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.96084
Sala, A., Porcaro, L., & Gómez, E. (2024). Social media use and adolescents’ mental health and well-being: an umbrella review. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 14, 100404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2024.100404
Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: a user’s portfolio (pp. 35–38). NFER-Nelson.
Sepúlveda, A. R., Lacruz, T., Solano, S., Blanco, M., Moreno, A., Rojo, M., Beltrán, L., & Graell, M. (2020). Identifying loss of control eating within childhood obesity: The importance of family environment and child psychological distress. Children, 7, 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7110225
Shneidman, E. S. (1999). The Psychological Pain Assessment Scale. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 29, 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.1999.tb00524.x
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and non-experimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422–445. https://doi.org/10.1037//1082-989X.7.4.422
Thompson, J. K., & Smolak, L. (2001). Body image, eating disorders, and obesity in youth: Assessment, prevention, and treatment. Taylor & Francis.
Tiggemann, M., & Anderberg, I. (2020). Social media is not real: The effect of ‘Instagram vs reality’ images on women’s social comparison and body image. New Media & Society, 22, 2183–2199. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819888720
Tiggemann, M., Anderberg, I., & Brown, Z. (2020). # Loveyourbody: The effect of body positive Instagram captions on women’s body image. Body Image, 33, 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.015
Tuna, E., & Engin, E. (2026). Beliefs about negative emotions and emotional eating: The role of rumination and body mass index. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 14, 28–36. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp/213403
Turner, P. G., & Lefevre, C. E. (2017). Instagram use is linked to increased symptoms of orthorexia nervosa. Eating and Weight Disorders, 22, 277–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-017-0364-2
Vartanian, L. R., & Dey, S. (2013). Self-concept clarity, thin-ideal internalization, and appearance-related social comparison as predictors of body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 10, 495–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.05.004
Vogel, E. A., Rose, J. P., Roberts, L. R., & Eckles, K. (2014). Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 3, 206–222. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000047
Yurdagül, C., Kircaburun, K., Emirtekin, E., Wang, P., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021). Psychopathological consequences related to problematic Instagram use among adolescents: The mediating role of body image dissatisfaction and moderating role of gender. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, 1385–1397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00071-8
Zhang, C. Q., Zhang, R., Schwarzer, R., & Hagger, M. S. (2019). A meta-analysis of the health action proces approach. Health Psychology, 38, 623–637. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000728
