The Dark Triad, goal achievement and work engagement as predictors of counterproductive work behaviors among IT employees

Autor

  • Jakub Filipkowski Uniwersytet Opolski
  • Romuald Derbis Uniwersytet Opolski

Słowa kluczowe:

work engagement, IT, Dark Triad of personality, counterproductive work behaviors, goal achievement motivation

Abstrakt

Background
The main purpose of this article is to analyze mechanisms associated with counterproductive work behaviors. This entails ac-tions directed against the employer’s interest such as theft, slowing the work down, and avoiding professional responsibilities. This paper analyzes Dark Triad traits of psychopathy, Machiavellianism and narcissism, achievement motivation and work engagement as counterproductive work behavior predictors.

Participants and procedure
The study included 115 people, 92 men and 23 women, who were employees of technology departments. The average age of respondents is 27.41 (Me = 26). Participants were surveyed using the online questionnaire method.

Results
Statistical analysis validates all three hypotheses. Achievement motivation, the Dark Triad and work engagement are predictors of counterproductive work behavior; the Dark Triad is a moderator of the relationship with achievement motivation and counter-productive work behaviors; work engagement is a moderator of the Dark Triad’s relationship with counterproductive work behaviors.

Conclusions
All predictors were proven to significantly explain the level of counterproductive behavior. It was also found that work engage-ment and achievement motivation can weaken the influence of the Dark Triad on counterproductive behaviors at work. It is suggested to perform more studies to confirm these results and investigate differences between professions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Bibliografia

Anglim, J., Lievens, F., Everton, L., Grant, S. L., & Marty, A. (2018). HEXACO personality predicts counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior in low-stakes and job applicant contexts. Journal of Research in Personality, 77, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2018.09.003.

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders – DSM-5. Washington, DC: APA Publishing.

Atkinson, J. W. (1957). Motivational determinants of risk-taking behavior. Psychological Review, 64, 359–372. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043445.

Baka, Ł., Derbis, R., & Walczak, R. (2015). Psychometryczne właściwości Kwestionariusza Zachowań Kontrproduktywnych CWB-C [Psychometric properties of the Polish version of Counterproductive Work Behavior – Checklist (CWB-C)]. Czasopismo Psychologiczne, 21, 163–174. https://doi.org/10.14691/CPPJ.21.2.163.

Bakker, A., & Albrecht, S. (2018). Work engagement: current trends. Career Development International, 23, 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-11-2017-0207.

Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Taris, T. W. (2008). Work engagement: an emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work & Stress, 22, 187–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802393649.

Bies, R. J., Tripp, T. M., & Kramer, R. M. (1997). At the breaking point. In R. A. Giacalone & J. Greenberg (Eds.), Antisocial behavior in organizations (pp. 18–36). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Boduszek, D., Debowska, A., Sherretts, N., Willmott, D., Boulton, M., Kielkiewicz, K., Popiolek, K., & Hyland, P. (2019). Are prisoners more psychopathic than non-forensic populations? Profiling psychopathic traits among prisoners, community adults, university students, and adolescents. Deviant Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2019.1665221.

Brunetto, Y., Teo, S. T., Shacklock, K., & Farr-Wharton, R. (2012). Emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, wellbeing and engagement: Explaining organisational commitment and turnover intentions in policing. Human Resource Management Journal, 22, 428–441. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2012.00198.x.

Christie, R., & Geist, F. L. (1970). Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1988). Personality in adulthood: a six-year longitudinal study of self-reports and spouse ratings on the NEO Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 853–863. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.54.5.853.

Cury, F., Elliot, A. J., Da Fonseca, D., & Moller, A. C. (2006). The social-cognitive model of achievement motivation and the 2× 2 achievement goal framework. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 666–679. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.4.666.

Czarna, A. Z., Jonason, P. K., Dufner, M., & Kossowska, M. (2016). The Dirty Dozen Scale: Validation of a Polish version and extension of the nomological net. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 445. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00445.

Derbis, R., & Filipkowski, J. (2018). Motywacja osiągnięć, ciemna triada i zaangażowanie w pracę jako korelaty zachowań kontrproduktywnych [A dark triad, achievement motivation and work engagement as counterproductive work behaviours correlates]. Czasopismo Psychologiczne, 24, 627–639. https://doi.org/10.14691/CPPJ.24.3.627.

DeShong, H. L., Grant, D. M., & Mullins-Sweatt, S. N. (2015). Comparing models of counterproductive

workplace behaviors: The Five-Factor Model and the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 74, 55–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.001.

Dinger, F. C., Dickhäuser, O., Hilbig, B. E., Müller, E., Steinmayr, R., & Wirthwein, L. (2015). From basic

personality to motivation: Relating the HEXACO factors to achievement goals. Learning and Individual Differences, 40, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2015.03.023.

Dinić, B. M., & Jevremov, T. (2019). Trends in research related to the Dark Triad: a bibliometric analysis. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00250-9.

Dweck, C. S. (1991). Self-theories and goals: Their role in motivation, personality, and development. In R. A. Dienstbier (Ed.), Current theory and research in motivation, Vol. 38. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1990: Perspectives on motivation (pp. 199–235). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

Elliot, A. J., & Church, M. A. (1997). A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 218–232. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.1.218.

Elliot, A. J., & McGregor, H. A. (2001). A 2× 2 achievement goal framework. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 501–519. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.3.501.

Elliot, A. J., & Murayama, K. (2008). On the measurement of achievement goals: Critique, illustration, and application. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100, 613–628. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.100.3.613.

Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., & McDaniel, M. A. (2012). A meta-analysis of the Dark Triad and work behavior: a social exchange perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 557–579. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025679.

Fox, S., Spector, P. E., & Miles, D. (2001). Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) in response to job stressors and organizational justice: Some mediator and moderator tests for autonomy and emotions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59, 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1803.

Giacalone, R. A., & Greenberg, J. (Eds.). (1997). Antisocial behavior in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Hanisch, K. A., & Hulin, C. L. (1990). Job attitudes and organizational withdrawal: an examination of retirement and other voluntary withdrawal behaviors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 37, 60–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(90)90007-O.

Hare, R. D. (1985). Comparison of procedures for the assessment of psychopathy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.53.1.7.

Hare, R. D. (1991). The Hare Psychopathy ChecklistRevised (PCL-R). Toronto: MultiHealth Systems.

Hare, R. D. (2006). Psychopaci są wśród nas [Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us]. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Znak.

Harpur, T. J., & Hare, R. D. (1994). Assessment of psychopathy as a function of age. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 604–609. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.103.4.604.

Hilton, M. (2001). Information technology workers in the new economy. Monthly Labor Review, 124, 41–45.

Hodson, G., Book, A., Visser, B. A., Volk, A. A., Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2018). Is the dark triad common factor distinct from low honesty-humility? Journal of Research in Personality, 73, 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.11.012.

Jonason, P. K., & Webster, G. D. (2010). The dirty dozen: a concise measure of the dark triad. Psychological Assessment, 22, 420–432. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019265.

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement of work. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692–724. https://doi.org/10.2307/256287.

Langelaan, S., Bakker, A. B., Van Doornen, L. J., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement: Do individual differences make a difference? Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 521–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.009.

Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2014). The Dark Triad, the Big Five, and the HEXACO model. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 2–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.048.

Lipowska, J. (2016). Wypalenie zawodowe a motywacja do pracy i czynniki ją wzmacniające u kadry pedagogicznej instytucji opiekuńczo-wychowawczych [Effect of work motivation and enhancing factors on job burnout in orphanages pedagogic staff]. Doctoral dissertation, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.

Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout: How organizations cause personal stress and what to do about it. San Francisco, CA: JosseyBass.

Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397–422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397.

McClelland, D. C., & Liberman, A. M. (1949). The effect of need for achievement on recognition of needrelated words. Journal of Personality, 18, 236–251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1949.tb01243.x.

Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1, 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z.

Morris, J. L. (1966). Propensity for risk taking as a determinant of vocational choice: an extension of the theory of achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0023076.

Moshagen, M., Hilbig, B. E., & Zettler, I. (2018). The dark core of personality. Psychological Review, 125, 656–688. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000111.

Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 556–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6.

Poortvliet, P. M., Anseel, F., & Theuwis, F. (2015). Mastery-approach and mastery-avoidance goals and their relation with exhaustion and engagement at work: The roles of emotional and instrumental support. Work & Stress, 29, 150–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2015.1031856.

Poortvliet, P. M., Janssen, O., Van Yperen, N. W., & Van de Vliert, E. (2007). Achievement goals and interpersonal behavior: How mastery and performance goals shape information exchange. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1435–1447. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167207305536.

Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1973). Organizational, work, and personal factors in employee turnover and absenteeism. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 151–176. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034829.

Raskin, R., & Hall, C. S. (1979). A Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Psychological Reports, 45, 590. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1979.45.2.590.

Ring, C., & Kavussanu, M. (2018). The impact of achievement goals on cheating in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 35, 98–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.11.016.

Robin, G. D. (1969). Employees as offenders. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 6, 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/002242786900600103.

Rogoza, R., & Cieciuch, J. (2018). Dark Triad traits and their structure: an empirical approach. Current Psychology, 39, 1287–1302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9834-6.

Rosiński, J. (2012). Postawy pracowników branży IT wobec zatrudniających organizacji jako wyzwanie dla rozwoju firm informatycznych [Attitudes of the IT staff against employing organization as a challenge for the development of IT businesses]. Problemy Zarządzania, 10, 229–247.

Schaufeli W. B., & Bakker A. B. (2003). Work Engagement Utrecht Scale. Preliminary manual. Utrecht: Utrecht University.

Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: a cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471.

Sleep, C. E., Lynam, D. R., Hyatt, C. S., & Miller, J. D. (2017). Perils of partialing redux: The case of the Dark Triad. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126, 939–950. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000278.

Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2005). The stressor-emotion model of counterproductive work behavior. In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets (pp. 151–174). Washington, DC: APA Publishing.

Szabowska-Walaszczyk, A., Zawadzka, A., & Wojtaś, M. (2011). Zaangażowanie w pracę i jego korelaty: adaptacja skali UWES autorstwa Schaufeliego i Bakkera [Work engagement and its correlates: adaptation of the UWES scale by Schaufeli and Bakker]. Psychologia Jakości Życia, 10, 57–74.

Taylor, L., & Walton, P. (1971) Industrial sabotage: Motives and meanings. In S. Cohen (Ed.), Images of deviance (pp. 321–325). London: Penguin.

Opublikowane

2020-10-21

Jak cytować

Filipkowski, J., & Derbis, R. (2020). The Dark Triad, goal achievement and work engagement as predictors of counterproductive work behaviors among IT employees. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 8(3), 197–210. Pobrano z https://czasopisma.bg.ug.edu.pl/index.php/CIiPP/article/view/5307

Numer

Dział

Artykuły