Academic Scientific JournalsScleractinian diversity in the Dardanelles and Marmara Sea (Turkey): morphology, ecology and distributional patterns
Keywords:
Scleractinia, coral ecology, new records, Dardanelles, Marmara SeaAbstract
Although marine research on anthozoans began at the end of the 1800s with some reports on the occurrence in Turkey, comprehensive knowledge about their biotic features remains limited. This study is the first detailed diversity assessment of scleractinian corals inhabiting the Turkish waters. The surveys conducted on rocky habitats between 2011 and 2014 around the Dardanelles and Marmara Sea provided the distributional data of nine corals, five of which (Caryophyllia inornata, Paracyathus pulchellus, Polycyathus muellerae, Phyllangia mouchezii, Leptopsammia pruvoti) were recorded for the first time from the above-mentioned regions. During the surveys carried out at 200 stations down to 50 m depth, a total of 1072 scuba dives were made and the ecological features of habitats, physical characteristics of coral species and an updated list of corals as a contribution to the scleractinian fauna of Turkey were provided. The abundance rate of Polycyathus muellerae and Cladocora caespitosa in Eceabat and Dardanos regions was higher than at the other stations.
Downloads
References
AIMS. (2009, May). Biological communities and biodiversity at Scott Reef Lagoon. Retrieved January 23, 2009, from http://www.aims.gov.au/documents/30301/908847/Discovering+Scott+ Reef+- +Biological+Communities. pdf/25e26a77-0dfc-43a9-846b-b575a413a902.
Álvarez-Pérez, G., Busquets, P., De Mol, B., Sandoval, N.G., Canals, M. et al. (2005). Deep-water coral occurrences in the Strait of Gibraltar. In A Freiwald & J.M. Roberts JM (Eds), Cold-water corals and Ecosystems (pp. 207-221). New York: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
ARCGIS. (2014, January). Leptopsammia pruvoti distributional pattern, Retrieved May 11, 2014. http://www.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=4282081d013946feb 4f460325a4a1759&extent=-12.8948,30.6105,32.5447,49.647.
Ateş, A.S., Katagan, S., Sezgin, M., Acar, S. (2014). The Response of Apseudopsis latreillii (Milne-Edwards, 1828) (Crustacea, Tanaidacea) to Environmental Variables in the Dardanelles. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 15(14): 113-124. DOI: 10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_13.
Ballesteros, E. (2006). Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages: a synthesis of present knowledge. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 44: 123-195. DOI: 10.1201/9781420006391.ch4.
Bell, J.J., Turner, J.R. (2000). Factors influencing the density and morphometrics of the temperate cup coral Caryophyllia smithii. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80: 437-441. DOI: 10.1017/S0025315400002137.
Beşktepe, Ş.T. (2003). Density currents in the two-layer flow: an example of Dardanelles outflow, Courants de densité dans un flux à deux couches : l’exemple du courant de sortie des Dardanelles. Oceanologica Acta 26: 243-253.
Bianchi, C.N., Pronzato, R., Cattaneo-Vietti, R., Benedetti-Cecchi, L., Morri, C,, et al. (2004). Hard bottoms. In M.C. Gambi, M. Dappiano (Eds.), Mediterranean marine benthos: a manual of methods for its sampling and study (pp. 185-215). Società Italiana di Biologia Marina, Genova.
Bo, M., Bavestrello, G., Canese, S., Giusti, M., Salvati, E. et al. (2009). Characteristics of a black coral meadow in the twilight zone of the central Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397: 53-61. DOI: 10.3354/meps08185.
Borges, P.A.V., Bried, J., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R. et al. (2010). A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores (1st ed.). Cascais, Portuguese: Principia.
Cairns, S. (1977). Caryophylliina and Dendrophylliina (Anthozoa: Scleractinia). Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises 3(4): 27.
Cairns, S.D. (2004). The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56(3): 259-329.
Cairns, S.D., Hoeksema, B.W., van der Land, J. (2001). Scleractinia. In M.J. Costello et al. (Eds.), European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification (pp. 109-110).
Cánovas Molina, A., Montefalcone, M., Canessa, M., Coppo, S., Diviacco, D. et al. (2015). Coralligenous reefs in Liguria: Distribution and Character˛zat˛on. In Proceedings of the 2nd Mediterranean Symposium on the conservation of Coralligenous and other Calcareous Bio-Concretions, 29-30 October 2014 (pp. 55-60). Portorož, Slovenia: (RAC/SPA).
Caroselli, E., Zaccanti, F., Mattioli, G., Falini, G., Levy, O. et al. (2012). Growth and Demography of the Solitary Scleractinian Coral Leptopsammia pruvoti along a Sea Surface Temperature Gradient in the Mediterranean Sea. Plos One. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037848.
Caroselli, E., Nanni, V., Levy, O., Falini, G., Dubinsky, Z. et al. (2015). Latitudinal variations in biometry and population density of a Mediterranean solitary coral. Limnology and Oceanography DOI: 10.1002/lno.10100.
Coll, M., Piroddi, C., Steenbeek, J., Kaschner, K., Lasram, F.B.R. et al. (2010). The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns and threats. PLoS One 5: 11842. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011842.
Colombo, A. (1885). Racolte Zoologiche eseguite del R. Piroscofa Washington nelle campagna-abissale talassografica dell’anno 1885. Rivista Maritime. 1-34 (In Italian).
Çelik, E.Ş., Ateş, A.S., Akbulut, M. (2007). A Survey on the Brachyura (Crustacea, Decapoda) in the Dardanelles. Turkish Journal of Zoology 31: 181-183.
Çinar, M.E., Yokeş, M.B., Açik, Ş., Bakir, A.K. (2014). Checklist of Cnidaria and Ctenophora from the coasts of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 38: 677-697.
Çinar, M.E., Bilecenoglu, M., Öztürk, B., Can, A. (2006). New records of alien species in the Levantine coast of Turkey. Aquatic Invasions 1(2): 84-90. DOI: 10.3906/zoo-1405-79.
David, R., Guillemain, D. (2014). Sampling to study the intraspecific variability of Myriapora truncata, Lithophyllum stictaeforme/cabiochae and Caryophyllia inornata. Cigesmed project, European research program for management assistance on the coralligenous habitats, marine Mediterranean ecosystems of great natural value. Retrieved January 19, 2015, from http://www.cigesmed.eu/-Sampling-to-study-the-
Fabri, M.C., Pedel, L., Beuck, L., Galgani, F., Hebbeln, D. et al. (2014). Megafauna of vulnerable marine ecosystems in French mediterranean submarine canyons: Spatial distribution and anthropogenic impacts. Deep-Sea Research II 104: 184-207. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.016.
Fenner, D., Riolo, F., Vittorio, M. (2008). A Survey of the Corals within Diving Depths of Capo Rizzuto Marine Protected Area, Calabria, Souther Italy. Mappamond GIS. 71 pp.
Forbes, E. (1844). Report on the Mollusca and Radiata of the Aegean Sea, and on their distribution, considering as bearing on geology. In Report of the 13th Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 13: 130-193.
Frade, P.R., Reyes-Nivia, M.C., Faria J., Kaandorp, J.A., Luttikhuizen, P.C. et al. (2010). Semi-permeable species boundaries in the coral genus Madracis: Introgression in a brooding coral system. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57: 1072-1090. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.010.
Gerovasileiou, V, Chintiroglou, C.C., Vafidis, D., Koutsoubas, D., Sini, M. et al. (2015). Census of biodiversity in marine caves of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science. 16(1): 245-265. DOI: 10.12681/mms.1069.
Goffredo, S., Marchini, C., Rocchi, M., Airi, V., Caroselli, E. et al. (2012). Unusual Pattern of Embryogenesis of Caryophyllia inornata (Scleractinia, Caryophylliidae) in the Mediterranean Sea: maybe Agamic Reproduction. Journal of Morphology. 273: 943-956. DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20039.
Goffredo, S., Gasparini, G., Marconi, G., Putignano, M.T., Pazzini, C. et al. (2011). Sexual Reproduction in the Mediterranean Endemic Orange Coral Astroides calycularis (Scleractinia: Dendrophylliidae). Bulletin of Marine Science 87(3): 589-604. DOI: 10.5343/bms.2010.1068.
Goffredo, S., Caroselli, E., Mattioli, G., Pignotti, E., Zaccanti, F. (2008). Relationships between growth, population structure and sea surface temperature in the temperate solitary coral Balanophyllia europaea (Scleractinia, Dendrophylliidae). Coral Reefs 27: 623-632.
Goffredo, S., Caroselli, E., Pignotti, E., Mattioli, G., Zaccanti, F. (2007). Variation in biometry and population density of solitary corals with environmental factors in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology 152: 351-361.
Goffredo, S., Mattioli, G., Zaccanti F. (2004). Growth and population dynamics model of the Mediterranean solitary coral Balanophyllia europaea (Scleractinia, Dendrophylliidae). Coral Reefs. 23: 433-443.
Goffredo, S., Telo, T. (1998). Hermaphroditism and brooding in the solitary coral Balanophyllia europaea (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Scleractinia). Italian Journal of Zoology 65: 159-165.
Gökalp, M. (2012). Phyllangia mouchezii stock photo. Retrieved January 15, 2013, from http://www.mertgokalp.com/gallery/phyllangia-mouchezii/
Gökalp, M. (2011) Türkiye Deniz Canlıları Rehberi. Istanbul: Inkilap Yayınev˛ (In Turkish).
Gönülal, O. & Güreşen, S.O. (2014). A list of macrofauna on the continental shelf of Gökçeada Island (northern Aegean Sea) with a new record (Gryphus vitreus Born, 1778) (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellata) for the Turkish seas. Journal of the Black Sea and Mediterranean Environment 20(3): 228-252.
Gözcelioğlu, B. (2011). Denizlerimizin Sakinleri. Istanbul: Gökçe offset basımevi (In Turkish).
Harrington, LM. (2004). Ecology of crustose coralline algae; interactions with Scleractinian corals and responses to environmental conditions. Doctoral Thesis, James Cook University, California, USA.
Irving, R.A. (2004). Leptopsammia pruvoti at Lundy – Teetering on the Brink? Porcupine Marine Natural History Society Newsletter. 15: 29-34.
IUCN. (2014, April). Scleractinians. Retrieved September 12, 2014, from http://www.iucn.it/scheda.php?id=-424725192
Kersting, D.K., Ballesteros, E., Bensoussan, N., Casado, C., De Caralt, S. et al. (2014). Long-term monitoring of Cladocora caespitosa reefs in the Columbretes Islands: From mapping to population dynamics and threats. In Proceedings of the 2nd Mediterranean Symposium on the conservation of Coralligenous and other Calcareous Bio-Concretions, 29-30 October 2014 (pp. 89-94). Portorož, Slovenia: RAC/SPA.
Kersting, D.K., Bensoussan, N., Linares, C. (2013). Long-term responsed of the endemic reef builder Cladocora caespitosa to Mediterranean warming. Plos ONE 8(8): e70820. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070820.
Kersting D.K., Linares, C. (2012). Cladocora caespitosa bioconstructions in the Columbretes Islands Marine Reserve (Spain, NW Mediterranean): distribution, size structure and growth. Marine Ecology 33:427-436.
Kipson, S., Kalep, S., Kružić, P., Žuljević, A., Bakran-Petricioli, T. et al. (2014). Preliminary list of typical/indicator species within Croatian Coralligenous Monitoring Protocol. In Proceedings of the 2nd Mediterranean Symposium on the conservation of Coralligenous and other Calcareous Bio-Concretions, 29-30 October 2014 (pp. 219-220). Portorož, Slovenia: RAC/SPA.
Koukouras, A. (2010). Check-list of marine species from Greece. Retrieved September 22, 2010, from http://www. marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=142068
Kružić, P. (2002). Marine fauna of the Mljet National Park (Adriatic Sea, Croatia). 1. Anthozoa. Natura Croatica 11(3): 265-292.
Kružić, P., Požar-Domac, A. (2003). Banks of the coral Cladocora caespitosa (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Adriatic Sea. Coral Reefs 22(4): 536. DOI: 10.1007/s00338-003-0345-y.
Kružić, P. (2007). Anthozoan fauna of Telascica Nature Park (Adriatic Sea, Croatia). Natura Croatica 16 (4): 233-266.
Kružić, P., Benković L. (2008). Bioconstructional features of the Cladocora caespitosa (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Adriatic Sea (Croatia). Marine Ecology. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2008.00220.x.
Kružić, P., Lipej, L., Mavric, B. (2014). Response of symbiotic scleractinian corals to sea temperature anomalies in the Adriatic Sea. In Proceedings of the 2nd Mediterranean Symposium on the conservation of Coralligenous and other Calcareous Bio-Concretions, 29-30 October 2014 (pp. 221-222). Portorož, Slovenia: RAC/SPA.
Kružić, P., Rodić, P. (2014). Impact of climate changes on coralligenous community in the Adriatic Sea. In Proceedings of the 2nd Mediterranean Symposium on the conservation of Coralligenous and other Calcareous Bio-Concretions, 29-30 October 2014 (pp. 100-105). Portorož, Slovenia: RAC/SPA.
Kružić, P., Popijac, A. (2015) Mass mortality events of the coral Balanophyllia europaea (Scleractinia, Dendrophylliidae) in the Mljet National Park (eastern Adriatic Sea) caused by sea temperature anomalies. Coral Reefs. 34: 109-118.
Kubanç, C., Kubanç, S.N., Akıncı, H. (2009). Diversity of Marine Ostracoda (Crustacea) on the Northern Coasts of Sea of Marmara (Turkey). Journal of the Black Sea and Mediterranean Environment 14: 167-182.
Loya, Y. (2004). The Coral Reefs of Eilat, Past, Present and Future: Three Decades of Coral Community Structure Studies. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Retrieved April 20, 2012, from SpringerLink http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-06414-6_1. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-06414-6_1.
Micael, J., Azevedo, J.M.N., Costa, A.C. (2005). Biological characterisation of a subtidal tunnel in Sao Miguel island (Azores). Biodiversity Conservation. 15: 3675-3684. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5734-2_20.
Monteiro, P., Bentes, L., Oliveira, F., Afonso, C., Rangel, M. et al. (2013). Atlantic Area Eunis Habitats. Adding new habitat types from European Atlantic coast to the EUNIS Habitat Classification. Faro: University of Algarve. (No.3/2013).
Morri, C., Vafidis, D., Peirano, A., Chintiroglou, C.C., Bianchi, C.N. (2000). Anthozoa from a subtidal hydrothermal area of Milos Island (Aegean Sea), with notes on the construction potential of the scleractinian coral Madracis pharensis. Italian Journal of Zoology 67(3): 319-325. DOI: 10.1080/11250000009356331.
Nunes, F.L.D., Norris, R.D., Knowlton, N. (2011). Long Distance Dispersal and Connectivity in Amphi-Atlantic Corals at Regional and Basin Scales. PLoS ONE 6(7): e22298. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022298.
OCEANA. (2004, March). The corals of the Mediterranean. Retrieved May 21, 2014, from http://oceana.org/sites/default/files/reports/Corals_Mediterranean_eng.pdf.
Özalp, H.B., Alparslan, M. (2015). Distribution and Morphology of the Colonial Scleractinian Madracis pharensis (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) in the Dardanelles (Marmara Sea, Turkey). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica (in press).
Özalp, H.B. (2012). Çanakkale Boğazı mercan faunası üzerine manta-tow araştirmalari. In Proceedings of FABA congress of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 21-24 November 2012 (pp. 21-33). Eskişehir, Türkiye: Osmangazi University (In Turkish).
Özalp, H.B., Alparslan, M. (2011). The first record of Cladocora caespitosa (Linnaeus, 1767) (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) from the Marmara Sea. Turkish Journal of Zoology. 35(5): 701-705. DOI: 10.3906/zoo-0907-80.
Öztürk, B., Aktan, Y., Topaloğlu, B., Keskin, C., Karakulak, S. et al. (2004). Marine Life of Turkey in the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. Istanbul, Turkey: Turkish Marine Research Foundation.
Palaz, M., Çolakoğlu, S., Yıldız, H. (2010). Distribution of Macrozoobenthic Invertebrates in the South Marmara Sea. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9(3): 471-473. DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2010.471.473.
Palaz, M., Çolakoğlu, S. (2009). Macrozoobenthic diversity of the Dardanelles. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 8(11): 2341-2344.
Peirano, A., Kružić, P., Mastronuzzi, G. (2009). Growth of Mediterranean reef of Cladocora caespitosa (L.) in the Late Quaternary and climate inferences. Facies 55: 325-333. DOI: 10.1007/s10347-008-0177-x.
Peirano, A., Morri, C., Bianchi, C.N., Rodolfo-Metalpa, R. (2001). Biomass, carbonate standing stock and production of the Mediterranean coral Cladocora caespitosa (L.). Facies 44: 75-80. DOI: 10.1007/ BF02668168.
Pitacco, V., Orlando Bonaca, M., Mavric, B., Lipej L. (2014). The biogenic formation of Cladocora caespitosa (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) dead corallites in the Slovenian part of the gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea). In Proceedings of the 2nd Mediterranean Symposium on the conservation of Coralligenous and other Calcareous Bio-Concretions, 29-30 October 2014 (pp. 231-232). Portorož, Slovenia: RAC/SPA.
Reed, J.K. (1985). Deepest distribution of Atlantic hermatypic corals discovered in the Bahamas. In Proceedings of the 5th International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti, 27-1 June 1985. p 249-254. (National Museum of Natural History).
Reefcheck. (2008, April). Balanophyllia europaea distributional pattern. Retrieved January 6, 2008, from http://www.progettomac.it/Balanophyllia_europaea.asp
Reyes, J. (2000). Lista de los Corales (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia) de Colombia. Biota Colombiana 1(2): 164-176.
Riegl, B.B., Benzoni, F., Samimi-Navin, K., Sheppard, C. (2012). The hermatypic Scleractinian (Hard) coral fauna of the Gulf. Springer Netherlands. Retrieved May 10, 2014, from SpringerLink http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-94-007-3008-3_11. DOI:10.1007/978-94-007-3008-3_11.
Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., Bianchi, CN., Peirano, A., Morri, C. (2005). Tissue necrosis and mortality of the temperate coral Cladocora caespitosa. Italian Journal of Zoology 72 (4): 271-276.
Sini, M., Garrabou, J., Koutsoubas, D. (2014). Diversity and Structure of Coralligenous Assemblages dominated by Eunicella cavolini (Koch, 1887) in the Aegean Sea. In Proceedings of the 2nd Mediterranean Symposium on the conservation of Coralligenous and other Calcareous Bio-Concretions, 29-30 October 2014 (pp. 171-176). Portorož, Slovenia: RAC/SPA.
Teixidó, N., Casas, E., Cebrian, E., Kersting, D., Kipson, S. et al. (2014). Biodiversity patterns of coralligenous outcrops in the Western Mediterranean: First Insights across temporal and spatial scales. In Proceedings of the 2nd Mediterranean Symposium on the conservation of Coralligenous and other Calcareous Bio-Concretions, 29-30 October 2014 (pp. 177-182). Portorož, Slovenia: RAC/SPA.
Topçu, N.E., Öztürk, B. (2015). Compos˛t˛on and abundance of octocorals in the Sea of Marmara, where the Mediterranean meets the Black Sea. Scientia Marina 79(1): 125-135. DOI: 10.3989/scimar.04120.09A.
Vafidis, D., Koukouras, A., Voultsiadou-Koukouras, E. (1997). Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia, and Scleractinia (Hexacorallia, Anthozoa) of the Aegean Sea, with a Checklist of the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea Species. Israel Journal of Zoology 43: 55-70.
Vaniček, V., Juračić, M., Bajractarević, Z., Ćosović, V. (2000). Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblages in a Restricted Environment - An Example from the Mljet Lakes (Adriatic Sea, Croatia). Geologia Croatica 53(2): 269-279.
Veron, J.E.N. (2000). Corals of the World I, II, III. Townville: Australian Institute of Marine Science.
Waller, R.G. (2005). Deep Water Scleractinians: Current knowledge of reproductive processes. In A. Freiwald & J.M. Roberts (Eds.) Cold-water Corals and Ecosystems (pp. 691-700), Springer, Heidelberg.
Zibrowius, H. (1980). Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l’Atlantique nord-oriental. Monaco: Mémoires de l’Institut océanographique.
Zibrowius, H. (1979). Campagne de la Calypso en Mediterranee Nord-orientale (1955, 1956, 1960, 1964). 7. Scleractiniaires. Annales de l’Institut océanographique. 55: 7-28.
Zibrowius, H., Saldanha, L. (1976). Scleractiniaires recoltes en plongee au Portugal et dans les archipels de Madere et des Açores. Boletim da Sociedade portuguesa de ciencias naturais. 2 (16): 91-114.
Zibrowius, H., Grieshaber, A. (1977). Scléractiniaires de l’Adriatique. Téthys, 7: 375-384. html?webm ap = 4 2 82 0 81d 0139 4 6 fe b 4 f4 6 032 5 a4 a1759&e x t e nt=-12.8948,30.6105,32.5447,49.647.
