Academic Scientific JournalsMixing of brine waste in Puck Bay (the south Baltic Sea) in the light of in-situ measurements
Keywords:
brine discharge, in-situ measurements, Puck Bay, mixing process, salinity of waterAbstract
In the north-eastern part of Poland, the underground gas stores are being constructed by diluting salt deposits. Brine, a by-product of the technology applied, is discharged into the coastal waters of the south Baltic Sea by a system of diffusers. To assess the intensity of brine mixing in the near-field of the discharge installation, a monitoring program was carried out. The results demonstrated that under the mildly dynamic conditions of Puck Bay, the discharge of brine (saturation 250 kg m-3, discharge 300 m3 h-1) leads to salinity excess below 0.5 PSU. For parameters of a real brine discharge, the dilution coefficient estimated by formulas derived from analytical solutions, predictive models and laboratory experiments for stagnant water conditions, varied in the range of 123÷360. The dilution coefficient value estimated on the basis of measurements was 1.27÷3.72 times higher than its value obtained by the use of predictive models, while estimated by formulas obtained from laboratory experiments was in the range of 1.41÷2.26 of the dilution coefficient based on measurements.
Downloads
References
Abraham, G. (1967). Jets with negative buoyancy in homogeneous fluids. Journal of Hydraulic Research 5: 236-248.
Bashitialshaaer, R., Larson, M. & Persson, K.M. (2012). An Experimental Investigation on Inclined Negatively Buoyant Jets. Water 4: 720-738. DOI: 10.3390/w4030720.
Cipolllina, A., Brucato, A., Grisafi, F. & Nicosia, S. (2005). Bench-Scale Investigation on Inclined Dense Jets. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE. 131(11): 1017-1022. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:11(1017).
Gungor, E. & Roberts, P.J.W. (2009). Experimental Studies on Vertical Dense Jets in a Flowing Current. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE. 135(11): 935-948; DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE) HY.1943-7900.0000106.
James, W.P., Vergara, I. & Kim, K. (1983). Dilution of a Dense Vertical Jet. Journal of Environmental Engineering ASCE 109(6): 1273-1283.
Jasińska, E. (1996). Currents, salinity and water tempearture distributions in the region of proposed discharge from the WWTP Dębogórze into the Gulf of Gdańsk (In Polish). IBW PAN Internal Report.
Jirka, G.H. (2008). Improved discharge configurations for brine effluents from desalination plants. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE. 134(1): 116-120. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:1(116).
Kikkert, G.A., Davison, M.J. & Noke, R.I. (2007). Inclined negatively buoyant discharges. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE 133(1): 545-554; DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429/92007)133:5(545).
Lai, C.C.K. (2010). Mixing of inclined jets. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Hong Kong.
Lai, C.C.K. & Lee, J.H.W. (2012). Mixing of inclined dense jets in stationary ambient. Journal of Hydro-Environmental Research 6: 9-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2011.08.03.
Marti, C.L., Antenucci, J.P., Luketina, D., Okely, P. & Imberger J. (2011). Near-field Dilution Characteristics of a Negatively Buoyant Hypersaline Jet Generated by a Desalination Plant. Journal Hydraulic Engineering ASCE 137(1): 57-65. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000275.
Nemlioglu, S. & Roberts P.J.W. (2006). Experiments on Dense Jets Using Three-Dimensional Laser-Induced Fluorescence (3DLIF). Proc. MWWD 2006, 4th International Conference on Marine Waste Water Disposal and Marine Environment. Antalya, Nov. 6-10.
Nowacki, J. (1993). Hydrophysics of the Puck Bay. In K. Korzeniewski (Ed), Puck Bay (pp. 79-111, 181-205, In Polish), Institute of Oceanography of Gdańsk University. Oliver, C.J., Davison M.J. & Nokes R.I. (2013a). Removing the boundary influence on negatively buoyant jets. Environmental Fluid Mechanics 13: 625-648. DOI: 10.1007/s10652-013-9278-3.
Oliver, C.J., Davison, M.J. & Nokes R.I. (2013b). Predicting the near-field mixing of desalination discharges in a stationary environment. Desalination. 309: 148-155. DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2012.09.031.
Papakonstantis, I.G., Christodoulou, G.C. & Papanicolaou P.N. (2011). Inclined negatively buoyant jets I: geometrical characteristics. Journal of Hydraulic Research. 49(1): 3-12. DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2010.537153.
Robakiewicz, M. & Robakiewicz, W. (2008). Spreading of brine from the designed discharge to the Puck Bay (in Polish). IBW PAN report.
Robakiewicz, M. (2014). Salinity changes in the Bay of Puck due to brine discharge based on in-situ measurements. Oceanol Hydrobiol. St. 43(2): 191-199. DOI: 10.2478/s13545-014-0133-z.
Roberts, P.J.W. & Toms G. (1987). Inclined dense jets in flowing current. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE. 113(3): 323-341.
Roberts, P.J.W. & Toms G. (1988). Ocean outfall system for dense and buoyant effluents. Journal of Environmental Engineering ASCE 114(5): 1175-1191.
Roberts, P.J.W., Ferrier, A. & Daviero G. (1997). Mixing in Inclined Jets. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE. 123(8): 693-699.
Roberts P.J.W., Tian X., Jung Y. (2011). Physical Model Study of an Alternating Diffuser for Thermal Discharge. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE. 137(9): 1027-1036. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000378.
Shao, D.D. & Law, A.W.K. (2010). Mixing and boundary interactions of 30 and 45 inclined dense jets. Environmental Fluid Mechanics. 10(5): 521-553. DOI: 10.1007/s10652-010-9171-2.
Zhang H. & Baddour R.E. (1998). Maximum Penetration of Vertical Round Dense Jets at Small and Large Froude Numbers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE 124(5): 550-553.
