Academic Scientific JournalsSummer distribution and community structure of surface water mesozooplankton from the eastern Mediterranean Sea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26881/oahs-2022.4.01Keywords:
eastern Mediterranean Sea, zooplankton, species diversity, abundance, first species recordAbstract
The zooplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental parameters were evaluated in the surface waters (0–50 m) of the eastern Mediterranean (the Aegean Sea’s coastal waters and the Levanine Sea’s coastal and offshore waters), from coastal waters to open sea waters, during the summer for two years. A total of 157 species/groups were registered in the study area. Copepods, cladocerans, doliolids, meroplankton and appendicularians represented the most important zooplankton groups. Five copepod species (Corycaeus [Onychocorycaeus] ovalis, Goniopsyllus clausi, Oncaea scottodicarloi, Sapphirina bicuspidata and Scaphocalanus curtus) have been recorded for the first time in Turkish coastal regions; three species (Centropages bradyi, Goniopsyllus clausi and Oncaea scottodicarloi) had not previously been found in the Aegean Sea; and one species (Goniopsyllus clausi) has been added for the first time to the eastern Mediterranean fauna. Moreover, Pleopis schmackeri was already found to be present in both the Aegean Sea and Mediterranean coasts of Turkey in August 2006. Dominant species varied from the coastal waters to open waters. A small number of species belonging to the coastal community (e.g. Penilia avirostris, Pseudevadne tergestina, Oithona plumifera, Paracalanus parvus and Centropages kroyeri) dominated all coastal areas. In contrast, the open water stations were characterised by the presence of typically epipelagic species of the Mediterranean Sea (e.g. Calocalanus spp., Clausocalanus furcatus, Lucicutia flavicornis, Mecynocera clausi, Farranula rostrata, Oncaea scottodicarloi and Oncaea mediterranea).
Downloads
References
Aktan, Y. (2011). Large-scale patterns in summer surface water phytoplankton (except picophytoplankton) in the Eastern Mediterranean. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 9(4), 551–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.12.010
Aker, H. V. (2002). Seasonal distribution of planktonıc copepods in the Turkish coastal waters of the middle Aegean Sea. PhD. Ege University.
Aker, H. V. (2015). Zooplankton of The Aegean Sea. In T. Katağan, A. Tokaç, Ş. Beşiktepe, B. Öztürk (Eds.), The Aegean Sea Marine Biodiversity, Fisheries, Conservation and Governance (176 – 187). Istanbul, Turkey: Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV).
Alldredge, A. L. (1976). Discarded appendicularian houses as source of food, surface habitats, and particulate organic matter in planktonic environments. Limnology and Oceanography, 21(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1976.21.1.0014
Altuğ G., Aktan, Y., Oral, M., Topaloglu, B., Dede, A., Keskin, Ç., Isinibilir, M., Cardak, M., & Çiftçi, P.S. (2007). Evaluation of biological diversity using biological and psycho-chemical data of the Northern Aegean Sea and Southern Marmara Sea. Istanbul, Turkey: The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. (TUBITAK 105Y039).
Altuğ, G., Aktan, Y., Oral, M., Topaloglu, B., Dede, A., Keskin, Ç., Isinibilir, M., Çardak, M., & Çiftçi, P. S. (2011). Biodiversity of the northern Aegean Sea and southern part of the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Marine Biodiversity Records, 4 (e65), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267211000662
Antoine, D., Morel, A., & André, J. M. (1995). Algal pigment distribution and primary production in the eastern Mediterranean as derived from coastal zone color scanner observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(C8), 16193–16209. https://doi.org/10.1029/95JC00466
Atienza, D., Calbet, A., Saiz, E., & Lopes, R. M. (2007). Ecological success of the cladoceran Penilia avirostris in the marine environment: Feeding performance, gross growth efficiencies and life history. Marine Biology, 151(4), 1385–1396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-006-0578-8
Azov, Y. (1991). Eastern Mediterranean e a marine desert? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 23, 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(91)90679-M
Bakır, A. K., Katağan, T., Aker, H. V., Özcan, T., Sezgin, M., Ateş, A. S., Kocak, C., & Kirkim, F. (2014). The marine arthropods of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38(6), 765–831. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1405-48
Bariche, M., Al-Mabruk, S., Ateş, M., Büyük, A., Crocetta, F., Dritsas, M., Edde, D., Fortič, A., Gavriil, E., Gerovasileiou, V., Gökoğlu, M., Huseyınoglu, F., Karachle, P., Kleitou, P., Terbıyık Kurt, T., Langeneck, J., Lardicci, C., Lipej, L., Pavloudi, C., . .. Zangaro, F. (2020). New Alien Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (March 2020). Mediterranean Marine Science, 21(1), 129–145. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.21987
Belmonte, G., & Potenza, D. (2001). Biogeography of the family Acartiidae (Calanoida) in the Ponto-Mediterranean province. Hydrobiologia, 453/454, 171–176. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013192623131
Benli, H. A., Tarkan, A. N., & Sever, T. M. (2001). Comparison of the mesozooplankton composition the southwestern Black Sea, Sea of Marmara and eastern Aegean Sea. Turkish Journal of Marine Sciences, 7(3), 163–179.
Christou, E. D., & Stergiou, K. I. (1998). Modelling and forecasting the fortnightly cladoceran abundance in the Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea). Journal of Plankton Research, 20(7), 1313–1320. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/20.7.1313
Clarke, K. R., & Warwick, R. M. (1994). An approach to statistical analysis and interpretation. Change in marine communities, 2(1), 117-143.
Sebens, D. G. (1982). Contrasting strategies of gamogenesis in northern and southern populations of cladocerans. Ecology, 63(1), 223–241. https://doi.org/10.2307/1937046
Frost, B., & Fleminger, A. (1968). A revision of the genus Clausocalanus (Copepoda Calanoida) with remarks on distributional patterns in diagnostic characters. University of California Press, Berkeley: Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
Fofonoff, P. W. (1994). Marine cladocerans in Narragansett Bay. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA: 170 pp.
Gieskes, W. W. (1971). Ecology of the Cladocera of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, 1960–1967. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 5(3), 342–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(71)90017-2
Gorsky G., Lins Da Silva, N., Dallot, S., Laval, Ph., Braconnot, J.C., Prieur, L. (1991). Midwater tunicates: are they related to the permanent front of the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean)? Marine Ecology Progress Series, 74(2/3), 195-204.
Gotsis-Skretas, O., Pagou, K., Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, M., & Ignatiades, L. (1999). Seasonal horizontal and vertical variability in primary production and standing stocks of hytoplankton and zooplankton in the Cretan Sea and the Straits of the Cretan Arc (March 1994–January 1995). Progress in Oceanography, 44(4), 625–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(99)00048-8
Gücü, A. C., Latif, M. A., Okyar, M., Özsoy, E., Uysal, Z., & Yılmaz, A. (2000). Ulusal Deniz Araştırma ve İzleme Programı, Akdeniz, Marmara Denizi, Türk Boğazlar Sistemi, Karadeniz ve Atmosfer Alt Projeleri. 1995–1999 Dönemi Sentez Raporu. TÜBİTAK. (in Turkish)
Gülşahin, N., & Tarkan, A. N. (2012). Seasonal changes in distribution and abundance of the cladoceran species in relation to environmental factors in Gökova Bay (Mugla, Aegean Sea, Turkey). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 21(7a), 1853–1863.
Hajderi, E. (1995). Osservazioni sui copepodi del Mare di Marmara. [in Italian]. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 2, 541–542.
Ignatiades, L. (1998). The productive and optical status of the oligotrophic waters of the Southern Aegean Sea (Cretan Sea), Eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Plankton Research, 20(5), 985–995. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/20.5.985
Isari, S., Ramfos, A., Somarakis, S., Koutsikopoulos, C., Kallianiotis, A., & Fragopoulu, N. (2006). Mesozooplankton distribution in relation to hydrology of the Northeastern Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Plankton Research, 28(3), 241–255. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbi058
Isari, S., Psarra, S., Pitta, P., Mara, P., Tomprou, M. O., Ramfos, A., Somarakis, S., Tselepides, A., Koutsikopoulos, C., & Fragopoulu, N. (2007). Differential patterns of mesozooplankters’ distribution in relation to physical and biological variables of the northeastern Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean). Marine Biology, 151(3), 1035–1050. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-006-0542-7
Isinibilir, M. (2009). Summer mesozooplankton communities in the Turkish coastal waters of north Aegea Sea. Journal of FisheriesSciences.Com, 3(3), 237–242. https://doi.org/10.3153/jfscom.2009029
Isinibilir, M., Kideys, A. E., Tarkan, A. N., & Yilmaz, I. N. (2008). Annual cycle of zooplankton abundance and species composition in Izmit Bay (the northeastern Marmara Sea). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 78(4), 739–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2008.02.013
Isinibilir, M., Svetlichny, L., Hubareva, E., Yilmaz, I. N., Ustun, F., Belmonte, G., & Toklu-Alicli, B. (2011). Adaptability and vulnerability of zooplankton species in the adjacent regions of the Black and Marmara Seas. Journal of Marine Systems, 84(1-2), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.08.002
Killi, N. (2020). Spatio-temporal variation in the distribution and abundance of marine cladocerans in relation to environmental factors in a productive lagoon (Güllük Bay, SW Aegean Sea, Turkey). Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 49(4), 374–382. https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2020-0032
Killi, N., & Sağdıç, O. (2018). Seasonal Distribution Patterns of Marine Cladocerans in the Surface Waters of Gulluk Bay. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, 4(3), 120–147.
Kontas, A., Kucuksezgin, F., Altay, O., & Uluturhan, E. (2004). Monitoring of eutrophication and nutrient limitation in the Izmir Bay (Turkey) before and after Wastewater Treatment Plant. Environment International, 29(8), 1057–1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00098-9 PMID:14680888
Krom, M., Kress, N., Brenner, S., & Gordon, L. (1991). Phosphorus limitation of primary productivity in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Limnology and Oceanography, 36(3), 424–432. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1991.36.3.0424
Kurt, T. T., & Polat, S. (2013). Seasonal distribution of coastal mesozooplankton community in relation to the environmental factors in Iskenderun Bay (north-east Levantine, Mediterranean Sea). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 93(5), 1163–1174. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315412001713
Terbiyik Kurt, T., & Polat, S. (2017). Introduction of a new IndoPacific marine cladoceran to the Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science, 18(3), 517–523. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.13885
Lakkis, S. (1976). Considerations on the distribution of pelagic copepods in the eastern Mediterranean off the coast of Lebanon. Acta Adriatica, 18, 41–52.
Lipej, L., Mozeti, P., Turk, V., & Malej, A. (1997). The trophic role of the marine cladoceran Penilia avirostris in the Gulf of Trieste. Hydrobiologia, 360(1-3), 197–203.
Mazzocchi, M. G., Christou, E. D., Fragopoulu, N., & SiokouFrangou, I. (1997). Mesozooplankton distribution from Sicily to Cyprus (eastern Mediterranean). 1. General aspects. Oceanologica Acta, 20(3), 521–535.
Mazzocchi, M. G., Christou, E. D., Di Capua, I., Fernandez de Puelles, M. L., Fonda-Umani, S., Molinero, J. C., Nival, P., & Siokou-Frangou, I. (2007). Temporal variability of Centropages typicus in the Mediterranean Sea over seasonal-to-decadal scales. Progress in Oceanography,72(2-3), 214–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2007.01.004
Mazzocchi, M. G., Siokou, I., Tirelli, V., Bandelj, V., Fernandez de Puelles, M. L., Ak Örek, Y., de Olazabal, A., Gubanova, A., Kress, N., Protopapa, M., Solidoro, C., Taglialatela, S., & Terbiyik Kurt, T. (2014). Regional and seasonal characteristics of epipelagic mesozooplankton in the Mediterranean Sea based on an artificial neural network analysis. Journal of Marine Systems, 135, 64–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.04.009
Molinero, J. C., Vukanic, V., Lucic, D., Ibanez, F., Nival, P., Licandro, P., Calbet, A., Christou, E. D., Daly-Yahia, N., Fernandez de Puelles, M. L., Mazzocchi, M. G., & Siokou-Frangou, I. (2009). Mediterranean marine copepods: Basin-scale trends of the calanoid Centropages typicus. Hydrobiologia, 617(1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9524-8
Onbé, T., & Ikeda, T. (1995). Marine cladocerans in Toyama Bay, southern Japan Sea: Seasonal occurrence and day-night vertical distributions. Journal of Plankton Research, 17(3), 595–609. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/17.3.595
Özel, İ., & Aker, V. (2001). Seasonal changes in zooplankton of the İzmir bay. In: Symposium on National Water Products; Hatay, Turkey. Ser Publ Mustafa Kemal Univ 8: 155–162.
Polat, S. (2002). Nutrients, Chlorophyll a and Phytoplankton in the Iskenderun Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean). Marine Ecology (Berlin), 23(2), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0485.2002.02753.x
Polat, S., & Terbiyik, T. (2013). Variations of planktonic chlorophyll-a in relation to environmental factors in a Mediterranean coastal system (İskenderun Bay, northeastern Mediterranean Sea). Sains Malaysiana, 42(10), 1493–1499.
Polat-Beken, Ç., Tolun, L., Avaz, G., Dönertas, A., Ediger, D., Telli-Karakoç, F., & Tugrul, S. (2009). DPSIR applied to 4-large Turkish coastal cities: Mersin, Antalya, Izmir and Kocaeli, Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Impact of Large Mediterranean Coastal Cities on Marine Ecosytems, Alexandria, Egypt.
Protopapa, M., Zervoudaki, S., Assimakopoulou, G., Velaoras, D., & Koppelmann, R. (2020). Mesozooplankton community structure in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Marine Systems, 211, 103401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2020.103401
Ramfos, A., Somarakis, S., Koutsikopoulos, C., & Fragopoulu, N. (2005). Summer mesozooplankton distribution in coastal waters of central Greece (eastern Mediterranean). II. Species assemblages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85(4), 765–774. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315405011677
Raymont, J. E. G. (1983). Plankton and productivity in the oceans: Vol. 2. Zooplankton (2nd ed.). Pergamon.
Razouls, C., Desreumaux, N., Kouwenberg, J., & de Bovée, F. (2005-2022). Biodiversity of Marine Planktonic Copepods (morphology, geographical distribution and biological data). Sorbonne University, CNRS. Available at http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en [Accessed August 21, 2022]
Sever, T. M. (2009). Ege Denizi pelajik Kopepod Faunası ve Yaygın Türlerin Dağılımları. E.U. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 28(3), 203–209.
Shiganova, T. A. (1998). Invasion of the Black Sea by the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and recent changes in pelagic community structure. Fisheries Oceanography, 7(3‐ 4), 305-310. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2419.1998.00080.x
Siokou-Frangou, I., Christou, E., Fragopoulu, N., & Mazzocchi, M. (1997). Mesozooplankton distribution from Sicily to Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean). 2. Copepod assemblages. Oceanologica Acta, 20(3), 537–548.
Siokou-Frangou, L., Papathanassiou, E., Lepretre, A., & Frontier, S. (1998). Zooplankton assemblages and influence of environmental parameters on them in a Mediterranean coastal area. Journal of Plankton Research, 20(5), 847–870. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/20.5.847
Siokou-Frangou, I., Bianchi, M., Christaki, U., Christou, E., Giannakourou, A., Gotsis, O., Ignatiades, L., Pagou, K., Pitta, P., Psarra, S., Souvermezoglou, E., Van Wambeke, F., & Zervakis, V. (2002). Carbon flow in the planktonic food web along a gradient of oligotrophy in the Aegean Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Marine Systems, 33–34, 335–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00065-9
Siokou-Frangou, I., Shiganova, T., Christou, E. D., Kamburska, L., Gubanova, A., Konsulov, A., Musaeva, E., Skryabin, V., & Khoroshilov, V. (2004). Mesozooplankton communities in the Aegean and Black Seas: A comparative study. Marine Biology, 144(6), 1111–1126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1277-3
Siokou-Frangou, I., Zervoudaki, S., Christou, E. D., Zervakis, V., & Georgopoulos, D. (2009). Variability of mesozooplankton spatial distribution in the North Aegean Sea, as influenced by the Black Sea waters outflow. Journal of Marine Systems, 78(4), 557–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.025
Stergiou, K. I., Christou, E. D., Georgopoulos, D., Zenetos, A., & Souvermezoglou, C. (1997). The Hellenic seas: Physics, chemistry, biology and fisheries. Oceanography and Marine Biology - an Annual Review, 35, 415–538.
Stross, R., & Hill, J. (1968). Photoperiod control of winter diapause in the fresh-water cladoceran, Daphnia. The Biological Bulletin, 134(1), 176–198. https://doi.org/10.2307/1539976
Tarkan, A. N. (2000). Abundance and distribution of zooplankton in coastal area of Gökçeada Island (Northern Aegean Sea). Turkish Journal of Marine Sciences, 6(3), 201–214.
Terbıyık Kurt, T., & Polat, S. (2013). Seasonal distribution of coastal mesozooplankton community in relation to the environmental factors in Iskenderun Bay (northeast Levantine, Mediterranean Sea). Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 93(5), 1163–1174. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315412001713
Terbıyık-Kurt, T., & Yilmaz-Zenginer, A. (2016). Zooplankton of The Turkish Part of the Mediterranean Sea. The Turkish Part of the Mediterranean Sea; Marine Biodiversity, Fisheries, Conservation and Governance. Turan, C., Salihoğlu, B., Özgür Özbek, E., Öztürk, B. (Eds.) Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), Publication No: 43, Istanbul, Turkey, 136-151.
Terbıyık Kurt, T., & Polat, S. (2017). Introduction of a new IndoPacific marine cladoceran to the Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science, 18(3), 517–523. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.13885
Toklu, B., Sarıhan, E. (2003). The Copepoda and Cladocera (Crustacea) Fauna Along the Yumurtalık-Botaş Coastline in Iskenderun Bay. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 20(1), 63-68.
Toklu-Alıçlı, B., & Sarihan, E. (2016). Seasonal changes of zooplankton species and groups composition in Iskenderun Bay (North East Levantine, Mediterranean Sea). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 48(5), 1395-1405.
Turner, J. T., Tester, P. A., & Ferguson, R. L. (1988). The marine cladoceran Penilia avirostris and the “microbial loop” of pelagic food webs 1. Limnology and Oceanography, 33(2), 245–255. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1988.33.2.0245
Ünal, E., Shmeleva, A. A., Zagordnyaya, J., & Kideys, A. E. (2000). Zooplankton structure and copepod species of the Sea of Marmara in spring 1998. In: Ozturk, B., Kadıoglu, M., Ozturk, H. (Eds.), Marmara Sea 2000 Symposium. Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV) Publications 5, Istanbul, pp. 450–460.
Uysal, Z., & Shmeleva, A. A. (2012). Species composition, abundance and biomass of Copepoda in plankton of the Northern Levantine Basin (Eastern Mediterranean). Crustaceana, 85(8), 909–935.
Uysal, Z., Kideys, A. E., Shmeleva, A. A., Zagorodnyaya, J. A., & Gubanova, A. D. (2002). Checklist of copepods (Calanoida and Podoplea) from the northern Levantine basin shelf waters. Hydrobiologia, 482(1-3), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021253721682
Zar, J. H. (1984). Biometrical Statistical significance of mutation frequencies, and the power of statistical testing, using the Poisson distribution journal. Biometrical Journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift, 26(1), 83–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.4710260116
Zervoudaki, S., Nielsen, T. G., Christou, E. D., & Siokou-Frangou, I. (2006). Zooplankton distribution and diversity in a frontal area of the Aegean Sea. Marine Biology Research, 2(3), 149–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000600702037
