Academic Scientific JournalsWind characteristics and wind energy assessment in the Barents Sea based on ERA-Interim reanalysis
Keywords:
sea ice zoning, offshore wind, wind energy, spatio-temporal variation, extreme wind parameters, Barents SeaAbstract
The basic analysis of long-term wind characteristics and wind energy resources in the Barents Sea was carried out from 1996 to 2015 based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset from ECMWF. In recent years, it has been possible to exploit the wind power resources in the Barents Sea at the hub height due to the sea ice cover retreat in the northeast direction. Based on the NSDIC monthly sea ice concentration data, the entire Barents Sea has been partitioned into the ice-free zone and the ice zone. Spatial and temporal distributions of the mean monthly and annual wind speed and wind power density are presented in both zones. Seven points were selected at different locations in the ice-free zone so as to obtain and study the wind roses, the interannual wind power variation and the annual average net electric energy output. For extreme wind speed parameters, the Pearson type III distribution provides better fitness of annual speed extrema and the Gumbel distribution performs well with higher speeds at longer return periods.
Downloads
References
Alimi, S.E., Maatallah, T., Dahmouni, A.W. & Nasrallah, S.B. (2012). Modeling and investigation of the wind resource in the gulf of Tunis, Tunisia. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 16(8): 5466–5478.
Ban, M., Perković, L., Duić, N. & Penedo, R. (2013). Estimating the spatial distribution of high altitude wind Energy potential in Southeast Europe. Energy 57(3): 24–29.
Capps, S.B. & Zender, C.S. (2009). Global ocean wind power sensitivity to surface layer stability. Geophysical Research Letters 36(9). DOI: 10.1029/2008GL037063.
Capps, S.B. & Zender, C.S. (2010). Estimated global ocean wind power potential from QuikSCAT observations, accounting for turbine characteristics and siting. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 115(D9). DOI: 10.1029/2009JD012679.
Chadee, X.T. & Clarke, R.M. (2014). Large-scale wind Energy potential of the Caribbean region using near-surface reanalysis data. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 30: 45–58.
Dee, D.P., Uppala, S.M., Simmons, A.J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P. et al. (2011). The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quarterly Journal of the royal meteorological society 137(656): 553–597.
Dee, D.P. & Uppala, S. (2009). Variational bias correction of satellite radiance data in the ERA-Interim reanalysis. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 135(644): 1830–1841.
Divine, D.V. & Dick, C. (2006). Historical variability of sea ice edge position in the Nordic Seas. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 111(C1). DOI: 10.1029/2004JC002851.
Eriksson, S., Bernhoff, H. & Leijon, M. (2008). Evaluation of different turbine concepts for wind power. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 12(5): 1419–1434.
Eurek K., K., Sullivan, P., Gleason, M., Hettinger, D., Heimiller, D. et al. (2017). An improved global wind resource estimate for integrated assessment models. Energy Economics 64: 552–567.
Fyrippis, I., Axaopoulos, P.J. & Panayiotou, G. (2010). Wind energy potential assessment in Naxos Island, Greece. Applied Energy 87(2): 577–586.
Gasparatos, A., Doll, C.N., Esteban, M., Ahmed, A. & Olang, T.A. (2017). Renewable energy and biodiversity: Implications for transitioning to a Green Economy. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 70: 161–184.
Herbaut, C., Houssais, M.N., Close, S. & Blaizot, A.C. (2015). Two wind-driven modes of winter sea ice variability in the Barents Sea. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 106: 97–115.
Holmes, J.D. (2015). Wind loading of structures. CRC press. pp: 49–53.
Hodges, K.I., Lee, R.W. & Bengtsson, L. (2011). A comparison of extratropical cyclones in recent reanalyses ERA-Interim, NASA MERRA, NCEP CFSR, and JRA-25. Journal of Climate 24(18): 4888–4906.
Hsu, S.A., Meindl, E.A. & Gilhousen, D.B. (1994). Determining the power-law wind-profile exponent under near-neutral stability conditions at sea. Journal of Applied Meteorology 33(6): 757–765.
Ingvaldsen, R.B., Asplin, L. & Loeng, H. (2004). Velocity field of the western entrance to the Barents Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 109(C3). DOI: 10.1029/2003JC001811.
Karamanis, D., Tsabaris, C., Stamoulis, K. & Georgopoulos, D. (2011). Wind energy resources in the Ionian Sea. Renewable Energy 36(2): 815–822.
Kwok, R. (2009). Outflow of Arctic Ocean sea ice into the Greenland and Barents Seas: 1979–2007. Journal of Climate 22(9): 2438–2457.
Lien, V.S., Schlichtholz, P., Skagseth, Ø. & Vikebø, F.B. (2017). Wind-Driven Atlantic Water Flow as a Direct Mode for Reduced Barents Sea Ice Cover. Journal of Climate 30(2): 803–812.
Liu, W.T., Tang, W. & Xie, X. (2008). Wind power distribution over the ocean. Geophysical Research Letters 35(13). DOI: 10.1029/2008GL034172.
Onea, F., Raileanu, A. & Rusu, E. (2015). Evaluation of the wind energy potential in the coastal environment of two enclosed seas. Advances in Meteorology. 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/808617.
Panofsky, H.A. & Dutton, J.A. (1984). Atmospheric Turbulence. Wiley, 397 pp.
Pavlova, O., Pavlov, V. & Gerland, S. (2014). The impact of winds and sea surface temperatures on the Barents Sea ice extent, a statistical approach. Journal of Marine Systems 130: 248–255.
Perkovic, L., Silva, P., Ban, M., Kranjcevic, N. & Duic, N. (2013). Harvesting high altitude wind energy for power production: The concept based on Magnus’ effect. Applied energy 101: 151–160.
Reistad, M., Breivik, Ø., Haakenstad, H., Aarnes, O.J., Furevik, B.R. et al. (2011). A high-resolution hindcast of wind and waves for the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea, and the Barents Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 116(C5). DOI: 10.1029/2010JC006402.
Shapiro, I., Colony, R. & Vinje, T. (2003). April sea ice extent in the Barents Sea, 1850–2001. Polar Research 22(1): 5–10.
Simionato, C.G., Vera, C.S. & Siegismund, F. (2005). Surface wind variability on seasonal and interannual scales over Río de la Plata area. Journal of Coastal Research 21(4): 770–783.
Szczypta, C., Calvet, J.C., Albergel, C., Balsamo, G., Boussetta, S. et al. (2011). Verification of the new ECMWF ERAInterim reanalysis over France. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15(2): 647.
Wang, Z., Dong, S., Dong, X. & Zhang, X. (2016). Assessment of wind energy and wave energy resources in Weifang sea area. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41(35): 15805–15811.
Yang, W., Tavner, P.J., Crabtree, C.J., Feng, Y. & Qiu, Y. (2014). Wind turbine condition monitoring: technical and commercial challenges. Wind Energy 17(5): 673–693.
Zheng, C.W. & Pan, J. (2014). Assessment of the global ocean wind energy resource. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 33: 382–391.
Zheng, C.W., Pan, J. & Li, J.X. (2013). Assessing the China Sea wind energy and wave energy resources from 1988 to 2009. Ocean Engineering 65: 39–48.
