A Polish-language version of the Savoring Beliefs Inventory

Autor

Słowa kluczowe:

well-being, scale validation, savoring

Abstrakt

Background: 

Savoring, the ability to focus on and appreciate the positive aspects of experience, is an important aspect of well-being. To provide a measure to study savoring among speakers of Polish, we created a Polish-language version of Bryant’s Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI), which is in English. This new scale measures the same three constructs as the original scale: anticipating, savoring the moment, and reminiscing. 

Participants and procedure: 

Participants were 574 Polish adults (mean age = 37.7 years, SD = 14.4; 77% women) who were recruited by a professional survey company. Participants completed a Polish-language version of the SBI we developed, and for validation purposes, they completed measures of anxiety, depression, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, meaning in life, authenticity, and well-being. 

Results: 

Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that our Polish-language version of the SBI reflected the same three factors as the original measure, and scores on these three subscales were reliable. We found significant positive correlations between the subscales of the new measure and self-esteem, satisfaction with life, meaning in life, authenticity, and well-being. We found significant negative correlations between savoring and anxiety and depression. These relationships were comparable to those found in research using the original measure. 

Conclusions: 

The present results suggest that our proposed Polish-language version of Bryant’s SBI assesses the same constructs as those measured by the original scale, and we believe that our new measure will be useful for researchers interested in studying savoring among Polish language speakers. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Bibliografia

Beaumont, S. L. (2011). Identity styles and wisdom during emerging adulthood: Relationships with mindfulness and savoring. Identity, 11, 155–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/15283488.2011.557298

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822

Bryant, F. B. (1989). A four‐factor model of perceived control: Avoiding, coping, obtaining, and savoring. Journal of Personality, 57, 773–797. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1989.tb00494.x

Bryant, F. B. (2003). Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI): a scale for measuring beliefs about savouring. Journal of Mental Health, 12, 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/0963823031000103489

Bryant, F. B. (2021). Current progress and future directions for theory and research on savoring. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 771698. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.771698

Bryant, F. B., Smart, C. M., & King, S. P. (2005). Using the past to enhance the present: Boosting happiness through positive reminiscence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, 227–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-005-3889-4

Bryant, F. B., & Veroff, J. (2007). Savoring: a new model of positive experience. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Burzynska‐Tatjewska, B., Matthews, G., & Stolarski, M. (2022). Seeking causality in the links between time perspectives and gratitude, savoring the moment and prioritizing positivity: Initial empirical test of three conceptual models. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 4776. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084776

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Harper & Row.

de La Rochefoucauld, F. (1796). Maxims and moral reflections. William Creech.

European Social Survey (ESS) (2022). Source questionnaire. Retrieved from https://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/methodology/ess-methodology/source-questionnaire/

Farnicka, M., Wojciechowska, L., & Wojciechowski, Ł. (2021). Positive psychology in Poland between 2001 and 2020: a review of available articles.

Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 659337. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659337

Feldman, G. C., Joormann, J., & Johnson, S. L. (2008). Responses to positive affect: a self-report measure of rumination and dampening. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 507–525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-006-9083-0

Ford, J., Klibert, J. J., Tarantino, N., & Lamis, D. A. (2017). Savouring and self-compassion as protective factors for depression. Stress and Health, 33, 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2687

Gentzler, A. L., Kerns, K. A., & Keener, E. (2010). Emotional reactions and regulatory responses to negative and positive events: Associations with attachment and gender. Motivation and Emotion, 34, 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-009-9149-x

Growney, C. M., Carstensen, L. L., & English, T. (2025). Momentary savoring in daily life in an adult lifespan sample. Emotion, 25, 93–101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001423

Gutral, J., Cypryańska, M., & Nezlek, Gutral, J., Cypryańska, M., & Nezlek, J. B. (2024). A Polish language version of Wood et al.’s multidimensional Authenticity Scale. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 13, 254–260. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp/193457

Hou, W. K., Lau, K. M., Ng, S. M., Cheng, A. C. K., Shum, T. C. Y., Cheng, S. T., & Cheung, H. Y. S. (2017). Savoring moderates the association between cancer-specific physical symptoms and depressive symptoms. Psycho-Oncology, 26, 231–238. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4114

Irvin, K. M., Bell, D. J., Steinley, D., & Bartholow, B. D. (2022). The thrill of victory: Savoring positive affect, psychophysiological reward processing, and symptoms of depression. Emotion, 22, 1281–1293. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000914

Jackson, L. E., Wilson, K. A., & MacNamara, A. (2024). Savoring mental imagery: Electrocortical effects and association with depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 179, 104559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104559

Jankowski, K. S. (2015). Is the shift in chronotype associated with an alteration in well-being? Biological Rhythm Research, 46, 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2014.985000

Jose, P. E., Lim, B. T., & Bryant, F. B. (2012). Does savoring increase happiness? A daily diary study. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 7, 176–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2012.671345

Karaś, D., Cieciuch, J., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2014). The Polish adaptation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF). Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 104–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.05.011

Kossakowska, M., Kwiatek, P., & Stefanik, T. (2013). Sens w życiu. Polska wersja kwestionariusza MLQ (Meaning in Life Questionnaire) [Polish validation of MLQ Meaning in Life Questionnaire]. Psychologia Jakości Życia, 12, 111–131. https://doi.org/10.5604/16441796.1090786

Łaguna, M., Lachowicz-Tabaczek, K., & Dzwonkowska, I. (2007). Skala samooceny SES Morrisa Rosenberga – polska adaptacja metody [Morris Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (SES) – Polish adaptation of the method]. Psychologia Społeczna, 2, 164–176.

Lambert, N. M., Gwinn, A. M., Baumeister, R. F., Strachman, A., Washburn, I. J., Gable, S. L., & Fincham, F. D. (2013). A boost of positive affect: The perks of sharing positive experiences. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 30, 24–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407512449400

Lazarus, R. S., Kanner, A. D., & Folkman, S. (1980). Emotions: a cognitive phenomenological analysis. In R. Plutchik & H. B. T. Kellerman (Eds.), Theories of emotion (pp. 189–217). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-558701-3.50014-4

Lin, C. W., Chen, S. L., & Wang, R. Y. (2011). Savouring and perceived job performance in positive psychology: Moderating role of positive affectivity. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 14, 165–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2010.01340.x

Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2017). Mplus user’s guide (8th ed.). Muthén & Muthén.

Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2002). The concept of flow. In R. S. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 89–105). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_16

Ritchie, T. D., & Bryant, F. B. (2012). Positive state mindfulness: a multidimensional model of mindfulness in relation to positive experience. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2, 150–181. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v2.i3.1

Samios, C., Catania, J., Newton, K., Fulton, T., & Breadman, A. (2020). Stress, savouring, and coping: The role of savouring in psychological adjustment following a stressful life event. Stress and Health, 36, 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2914

Samios, C., Praskova, A., & Radlinska, B. (2022). The relationship between COVID-19 pandemicrelated stress and meaning in life: Testing the moderating effects of self-compassion and savoring. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 35, 9–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2021.1974408

Sato, I., Jose, P. E., & Conner, T. S. (2018). Savoring mediates the effect of nature on positive affect. International Journal of Wellbeing, 8, 18–33. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v8i1.621

Shrout, P. E. (1998). Measurement reliability and agreement in psychiatry. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 7, 301–317. https://doi.org/10.1177/096228029800700306

Smith, J. L., & Bryant, F. B. (2013). Are we having fun yet? Savoring, Type A behavior, and vacation enjoyment. International Journal of Wellbeing, 3, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v3i1.1

Smith, J. L., & Bryant, F. B. (2017). Savoring and wellbeing: Mapping the cognitive-emotional terrain of the happy mind. In M. D. Robinson & M. Eid (Eds.), The happy mind: Cognitive contributions to well-being (pp. 139–156). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58763-9_8

Smith, J. L., & Hanni, A. A. (2019). Effects of a savoring intervention on resilience and well-being of older adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 38, 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464817693375

Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Kroenke, K. (n.d.). GAD-7: Polish for Poland. Pfizer Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) screeners. Retrieved from https://www.phqscreeners.com/select-screener

Stephens, J. E., Mertz, L., & Smith, J. L. (2025). Within-and between-person effects of savoring ability and well-being in older adults: a longitudinal study. Journal of Happiness Studies, 26, 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-024-00845-5

Sytine, A. I., Britt, T. W., Sawhney, G., Wilson, C. A., & Keith, M. (2019). Savoring as a moderator of the daily demands and psychological capital relationship: a daily diary study. Journal of Positive Psychology, 14, 641–648. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1519590

White, M. (2022). Sample size in quantitative instrument validation studies: a systematic review of articles published in Scopus, 2021. Heliyon, 8, e12223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12223

Wilson, K. A., & MacNamara, A. (2021). Savor the moment: Willful increase in positive emotion and the persistence of this effect across time. Psychophysiology, 58, e13754. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13754

Opublikowane

2026-06-22

Jak cytować

Nezlek, J. B., & Bryant, F. B. (2026). A Polish-language version of the Savoring Beliefs Inventory . Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 14(2), 135–143. Pobrano z https://czasopisma.bg.ug.edu.pl/index.php/CIiPP/article/view/14132

Numer

Dział

Artykuły