Uniwersyteckie Czasopisma NaukowePersonality traits in musicians
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2020.97314Słowa kluczowe:
musicians, non-musicians, personality traits, opennessAbstrakt
Background
Performing music is a complex creative activity which in addition to professional skills requires phantasy, a sense of aesthetics, cognitive involvement, intellectual curiosity, perceptual sensitivity, mental flexibility, but also discipline, motor precision and speed, attention endurance, emotional expression and communication. Many of these characteristics are also reflected in person-ality traits such as Openness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness and to some degree Neuroticism. Previous research has investi-gated the differences between personality traits amongst musicians, but there are few studies that compare personality character-istics between musicians and non-musicians.
Participants and procedure
Using the Ten-Item Personality Measure (TIPI) the present study investigated Big Five personality traits in a sample of musi-cians (n = 509) compared to non-musicians (n = 201).
Results
Controlled for gender and age, the findings demonstrated that musicians had significantly higher scores on Openness and lower scores on Conscientiousness compared with non-musicians. There were no significant differences between the groups in Extra-version, Agreeableness and Emotional Stability-Neuroticism. The differences were larger for Openness than for Conscientious-ness.
Conclusions
Musicians seem to differ from non-musicians in two traits: somewhat lower scores on Conscientiousness, and considerably higher scores in Openness to experience. Thus, Openness seems to be the most typical personality trait for musicians. There were no significant differences in Extraversion, Agreeableness or Emotional Stability (Neuroticism) between the two groups. These results suggest that musicians are more creative and openminded than non-musicians.
Downloads
Bibliografia
Amon, K. L., Campbell, A. J., Hawke, C., & Steinbeck, K. (2014). Facebook as a recruitment tool for adolescent health research: a systematic review. Academic Pediatrics, 14, 439–447.
Anglada-Tort, M., Krause, A. E., & North, A. C. (2019). Popular music lyrics and musicians’ gender over time: A computational approach. Psychology of Music. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735619871602.
Benedek, M., Borovnjak, B., Neubauer, A. C., & KruseWeber, S. (2014). Creativity and personality in classical, jazz and folk musicians. Personality and Individual Differences, 63, 117–121.
Bergeman, C. S., Chlpuer, H. M., Plomin, R., Pedersen, N. L., McClearn, G. E., Nesselroade, J. R., & ...McCrae, R. R. (1993). Genetic and environmental effects on openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness: An adoption/twin study. Journal of Personality, 61, 159–179.
Bucher, M. A., Suzuki, T., & Samuel, D. B. (2019). A meta-analytic review of personality traits and their associations with mental health treatment outcomes. Clinical Psychology Review, 70, 51–63.
Butkovic, A., & Modrusan, I. (2019). Personality differences among musicians: Real differences or stereotypes? Psychology of Music. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0305735619849625.
Butkovic, A., & Rancic Dopudj, D. (2017). Personality traits and alcohol consumption of classical and heavy metal musicians. Psychology of Music, 45, 246–256.
Buttsworth, L. M., & Smith, G. A. (1995). Personality of Australian performing musicians by gender and by instrument. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 595–603.
Carson, S. H., Peterson, J. B., & Higgins, D. M. (2003). Decreased latent inhibition is associated with increased creative achievement in high-functioning individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 499–506.
Chamorro-Premuzic, T., & Furnham, A. (2007). Personality and music: Can traits explain how people use music in everyday life? British Journal of Psychology, 98, 175–185.
Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Gomà-i-Freixanet, M., Furnham, A., & Muro, A. (2009). Personality, self-estimated intelligence, and uses of music: A Spanish replication and extension using structural equation modeling. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 3, 149.
Costa Jr, P., Terracciano, A., & McCrae, R. R. (2001). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: robust and surprising findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 322–331.
Costa Jr, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (2017). The NEO Inventories as instruments of psychological theory. The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model, 11.
DeYoung, C. G. (2015). Openness/intellect: A dimension of personality reflecting cognitive exploration. Personality Processes and Individual Differences, 4, 369–399.
Donnellan, M. B., Oswald, F. L., Baird, B. M., & Lucas, R. E. (2006). The mini-IPIP scales: tiny-yeteffective measures of the Big Five factors of personality. Psychological Assessment, 18, 192–203.
George, J. M., & Zhou, J. (2001). When openness to experience and conscientiousness are related to creative behavior: an interactional approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 513–524.
Gingras, B., Honing, H., Peretz, I., Trainor, L. J., & Fisher, S. E. (2015). Defining the biological bases of individual differences in musicality. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 370, 20140092.
Glisky, M. L., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1993). Hypnotizability and facets of openness. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 41, 112–123.
Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B., Jr. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 504–528.
Guo, J., Su, Q., & Zhang, Q. (2017). Individual creativity during the ideation phase of product innovation: An interactional perspective. Creativity and Innovation Management, 26, 31–48.
Heilman, K. M., Nadeau, S. E., & Beversdorf, D. O. (2003). Creative innovation: possible brain mechanisms. Neurocase, 9, 369–379. https://doi.org/10. 1076/neur.9.5.369.16553.
Juslin, P. N. (2003). Five facets of musical expression: A psychologist’s perspective on music performance. Psychology of Music, 31, 273–302.
Karwowski, M., & Lebuda, I. (2016). The big five, the huge two, and creative self-beliefs: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 10, 214.
Kaufman, S. B., DeYoung, C. G., Gray, J. R., Jiménez, L., Brown, J., & Mackintosh, N. (2010). Implicit learning as an ability. Cognition, 116, 321–340.
Kaufman, S. B., Quilty, L. C., Grazioplene, R. G., Hirsh, J. B., Gray, J. R., Peterson, J. B., & DeYoung, C. G. (2016). Openness to experience and intellect differentially predict creative achievement in the arts and sciences. Journal of Personality, 84, 248–258.
Kemp, A. E. (1996). The musical temperament: Psychology and personality of musicians. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
King, D. D., Ott-Holland, C. J., Ryan, A. M., Huang, J. L., Wadlington, P. L., & Elizondo, F. (2017). Personality homogeneity in organizations and occupations: considering similarity sources. Journal of Business and Psychology, 32, 641–653.
Langendörfer, F. (2008). Personality differences among orchestra instrumental groups: Just a stereotype? Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 610–620.
Langvik, E., Bjerkeset, O., & Vaag, J. (2019). Personality traits and the use of manual, alternative, and mental healthcare services and medication in Norwegian musicians. Personality and Individual Differences, 142, 310–315.
Levitin, D. J. (2012). What does it mean to be musical? Neuron, 73, 633–637.
López-González, M., & Limb, C. J. (2012). Musical creativity and the brain. Paper presented at the Cerebrum: the dana forum on brain science.
Lynn, P. (2018). Tackling panel attrition. In D. L. Vannette & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of survey research (pp. 143–153). New York: Springer.
MacLellan, C. R. (2011). Differences in Myers-Briggs personality types among high school band, orchestra, and choir members. Journal of Research in Music Education, 59, 85–100.
McCrae, R. R. (2007). Aesthetic chills as a universal marker of openness to experience. Motivation and Emotion, 31, 5–11.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr, P. T. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52, 509–516. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X. 52.5.509.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (2008). Empirical and theoretical status of the five-factor model of personality traits. The SAGE Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment, 1, 273–294.
McManus, I. C., & Furnham, A. (2006). Aesthetic activities and aesthetic attitudes: Influences of education, background and personality on interest and involvement in the arts. British Journal of Psychology, 97, 555–587.
Mosing, M. A., & Ullén, F. (2016). Genetic influences on musical giftedness, talent, and practice. Musical Prodigies: Interpretations from Psychology, Education, Musicology, and Ethnomusicology, 156.
Moutafi, J., Furnham, A., & Crump, J. (2006). What facets of openness and conscientiousness predict fluid intelligence score? Learning and Individual Differences, 16, 31–42.
Müllensiefen, D., Gingras, B., Musil, J., & Stewart, L. (2014). The musicality of non-musicians: an index for assessing musical sophistication in the general population. PloS One, 9, e89642.
Palmer, C. (1997). Music performance. Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 115–138.
Panayiotou, G., Kokkinos, C. M., & Kapsou, M. (2014). Indirect and direct associations between personality and psychological distress mediated by dispositional coping. The Journal of Psychology, 148, 549–567.
Panebianco-Warrens, C. (2012). Will my children be musical? Exploring current research on the role of genetics and the heritability of music ability: accredited article. Musicus, 40, 3–9.
Papageorgi, I., Creech, A., & Welch, G. (2013). Perceived performance anxiety in advanced musicians specializing in different musical genres. Psychology of Music, 41, 18–41.
Peterson, J. B., Smith, K. W., & Carson, S. (2002). Openness and extraversion are associated with reduced latent inhibition: Replication and commentary. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 1137–1147.
Puryear, J. S., Kettler, T., & Rinn, A. N. (2017). Relationships of personality to differential conceptions of creativity: A systematic review. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 11, 59–68.
Rammstedt, B. (2007). The 10-item big five inventory. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23, 193–201.
Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Viechtbauer, W. (2006). Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 1–25.
Sandgren, M. (2018). Exploring personality and musical self-perceptions among vocalists and instrumentalists at music colleges. Psychology of Music. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735618761572.
Schwaba, T., Luhmann, M., Denissen, J. J., Chung, J. M., & Bleidorn, W. (2018). Openness to experience and culture-openness transactions across the lifespan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115, 118–136.
Shuter-Dyson, R. (2000). Profiling music students: Personality and religiosity. Psychology of Music, 28, 190–196.
Smith, M. M., Sherry, S. B., Vidovic, V., Saklofske, D. H., Stoeber, J., & Benoit, A. (2018). Perfectionism and the five-factor model of personality: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 23, 367–390.
Stoeber, J., & Eismann, U. (2007). Perfectionism in young musicians: Relations with motivation, effort, achievement, and distress. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 2182–2192.
Thornton, L., Batterham, P. J., Fassnacht, D. B., KayLambkin, F., Calear, A. L., & Hunt, S. (2016). Recruiting for health, medical or psychosocial research using Facebook: Systematic review. Internet Interventions, 4, 72–81.
Vaag, J., Bjørngaard, J. H., & Bjerkeset, O. (2016). Symptoms of anxiety and depression among Norwegian musicians compared to the general workforce. Psychology of Music, 44, 234–248.
Vaag, J., Sund, E. R., & Bjerkeset, O. (2018). Five-factor personality profiles among Norwegian musicians compared to the general workforce. Musicae Scientiae, 22, 434–445.
Watson, D. (2003). To dream, perchance to remember: Individual differences in dream recall. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1271–1286.
World Medical Association. (2001). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 79, 373.
Yöndem, S., Yöndem, Z. D., & Per, M. (2017). Personality traits and psychological symptoms of music and art students. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5, 53–59.
Zhao, H., & Seibert, S. E. (2006). The big five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 259–271.
Zillig, L. M. P., Hemenover, S. H., & Dienstbier, R. A. (2002). What do we assess when we assess a Big 5 trait? A content analysis of the affective, behavioral, and cognitive processes represented in Big 5 personality inventories. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 847–858.
