Emotional intelligence predicts peer-rated social competence above and beyond personality traits

Autor

  • Dorota Szczygieł SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sopot
  • Joanna Weber SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sopot

Słowa kluczowe:

personality, emotional intelligence, adolescence, social competence

Abstrakt

Background

This study investigated the relationship between trait emotional intelligence (EI) and social competences (SC), which determine effective functioning in three types of social situations: intimate situations, situations of social exposure and situations requiring self-assertion. Social competences were assessed using a peer nomination method. It was hypothesized that trait EI predicts SC above and beyond personality traits.

Participants and procedure

Data were collected from among 111 adolescents (46.95% girls). The study was conducted among five classes from three public high schools. Participants first completed the Personality Inventory NEO-FFI and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF). Subsequently, the descriptions of three different persons were presented to the participants. Each description concerned one of the SC: intimate competence, social exposure competence and assertive competence. Participants were asked to nominate three classmates who suited each description best.

Results

A series of hierarchical regression analyses was performed. Personality traits and trait EI were regressed on each competence. Analyses involved two-step hierarchical regressions, entering personality traits at step 1 and adding trait EI at step 2. The results demonstrated that personality traits explained a substantial portion of the variance in each SC. Beyond these variables, trait EI was significant as a predictor of nominations for each SC, explaining an additional amount of the unique variance.

Conclusions

The results complement existing evidence that trait EI contributes to successful social functioning. The relationships between trait EI and SC remained statistically significant even after controlling for Big Five variance. The results demonstrate incremental validity of trait EI over and above personality traits.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Bibliografia

Anderson, C., John, O. P., Keltner, D., & Kring, A. M. (2001). Who attains social status? Effects of personality and physical attractiveness in social groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 116.

Austin, E. J., & Saklofske, D. H. (2010). Introduction to the special issue. Australian Journal of Psychology, 62, 1–4.

Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S., Shiffman, S., Lerner, N., & Salovey, P. (2006). Relating emotional abilities to social functioning: A comparison of performance and self-report measures of emotional intelligence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 780–795.

Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Bennett, E., & Furnham, A. (2007). The happy personality: Mediational role of trait emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 1633–1639.

Ciarrochi, J., Deane, F. P., Wilson, C. J., & Rickwood, D. (2002). Adolescents who need help the most are the least likely to seek it: The relationship between low emotional competence and low intention to seek help. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 30, 173–188.

Ciarrochi, J., Chan, A., & Caputi, P. (2000). A critical evaluation of the emotional intelligence construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 539–561.

Ciarrochi, J., Hynes, K., & Crittenden, N. (2005). Can men do better if they try harder: Sex and motivational effects on emotional awareness. Cognition & Emotion, 19, 133–141.

Cillessen, A. H., & Rose, A. J. (2005). Understanding popularity in the peer system. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 102–105.

Costa, P. T. Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Professional manual Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Davies, M., Stankov, L., & Roberts, R. D. (1998). Emotional intelligence: In search of an elusive construct. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 989–1015.

Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 285–290.

Eagly, A. H., Ashmore, R. D., Makhijani, M. G., & Longo, L. C. (1991). What is beautiful is good, but...: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 109–128.

Feingold, A. (1992). Good-looking people are not what we think. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 304–341.

Fila-Jankowska, A., & Szczygieł, D. (2004). Wpływ pomiaru pobudzenia fizjologicznego na deklarowaną intensywność emocji – różnice między płciami [The impact of monitoring parameters of emotional arousal on declared intensity of emotions – sex differences]. Psychologia Jakości Życia, 3, 165–182.

Fischer, A. H., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2008). Social functions of emotion. In M. Lewis, J. Haviland-Jones, & L. Feldman Barrett (eds.), Handbook of emotions (3rd ed.) (pp. 456–468). New York: Guilford.

Fredrickson, B. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226.

Freudenthaler, H. H., Neubauer, A. C., Gabler, P., Scherl, W. G., & Rindermann, H. (2008). Testing and validating the trait emotional intelligence questionnarire (TEIQue) in a German-speaking sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 673–678.

Jasielska, A., & Leopold, M. A. (2000). Kompetencja a inteligencja emocjonalna – pojęcia tożsame czy różne? [Emotional competence versus emotional intelligence – the same or different concepts?]. Forum Oświatowe, 23, 5–32.

Keltner, D., & Haidt, J. (2001). Social functions of emotions. In T. J. Mayne & G. A. Bonanno (eds.), Emotions: Current issues and future directions. Emotions and social behavior (pp. 192–213). New York: Guilford.

Kluemper, D. H. (2008). Trait emotional intelligence: The impact of core-self evaluations and social desirability. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1402–1412.

La Greca, A. M., & Harrison, H. M. (2005). Adolescent peer relations, friendships, and romantic relationships: Do they predict social anxiety and depression? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 49–61.

Levenson, R. W. (1999). The intrapersonal functions of emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 481–504.

Lopes, P. N., Brackett, M. A., Nezlek, J. B., Schütz, A., Sellin, I., & Salovey, P. (2004). Emotional intelligence and social interaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1018–1034.

Lopes, P. N., Salovey, P., & Straus, R. (2003). Emotional intelligence, personality, and the perceived quality of social relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 641–658.

Lopes, P. N., Salovey, P., Côté, S., Beers, M., & Petty, R. E. (2005). Emotion regulation abilities and the quality of social interaction. Emotion, 5, 113–118.

Lumley, M. A., Gustavson, B. J., Partridge, R. T., & Labouvie-Vief, G. (2005). Assessing alexithymia and related emotional ability constructs using multiple methods: Interrelationships among measures. Emotion, 5, 329–342.

Martowska, K. (2012). Psychologiczne uwarunkowania kompetencji społecznych [Psychological determinants of social competencies]. Warszawa: Liberi-Libri.

Martowska, K. (2014). Temperamental determinants of social competencies. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 45, 128–133.

Matczak, A. (2001). Kwestionariusz Kompetencji Społecznych [The Social Competence Questionnaire]. Warszawa: Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego.

Matczak, A. (2007). Rola inteligencji emocjonalnej [The role of emotional intelligence]. Studia Psychologiczne, 45, 9–18.

Matczak, A., & Knopp, K. A. (2013). Znaczenie inteligencji emocjonalnej w życiu człowieka [The importance of emotional intelligence in human functioning]. Warszawa: LiberiLibri.

Matczak, A., & Martowska, K. (2011). Z badań nad uwarunkowaniami kompetencji emocjonalnych [From research on determinants of emotional competence]. Studia Psychologica, 11, 5–18.

Matthews, G., Roberts, R. D., & Zeidner, M. (2004). Seven myths about emotional intelligence. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 179–196.

Matthews, G., Zeidner, M., & Roberts, R. D. (2002). Emotional intelligence: Science and myth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Mavroveli, S., & Sánchez-Ruiz, M. J. (2011). Trait emotional intelligence influences on academic achievement and school behaviour. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 112–134.

Mavroveli, S., Petrides, K. V., Rieffe, C., & Bakker, F. (2007). Trait emotional intelligence, psychological well-being and peer-rated social competence in adolescence. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 25, 263–275.

Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. Sluyter (eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Educational implications (pp. 3–31). New York: Basic Books.

Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2004). Emotional Intelligence: Theory, Findings, and Implications. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 197–215.

Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D. R., & Sitarenios, G. (2003). Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V 2.0. Emotion, 3, 97–105.

McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five‐factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60, 175–215.

McCrae, R. R. (2000). Emotional intelligence from the perspective of the five-factor model of personality. In R. Bar-On & J. D. A. Parker (eds.), The handbook of emotional intelligence (pp. 261–276). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

McElravy, L. J., & Hastings, L. J. (2014). Profiling the youth leader: Personality and emotional intelligence trends and their relationship to leadership skills. Journal of Agricultural Education, 55, 134–151.

Mervielde, I., & De Fruyt, F. (2000). The Big Five personality factors as a model for the structure of children’s peer nominations. European Journal of Personality, 14, 91–106.

Mikolajczak, M., Luminet, O., Leroy, C., & Roy, E. (2007). Psychometric properties of the trait emotional intelligence questionnaire: Factor structure, reliability, construct, and incremental validity in a French speaking population. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88, 338–353.

Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2005). Emotional intelligence in the workplace: exploring its effects on occupational stress and health outcomes in human service workers. International Journal Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 18, 167–175.

Paulhus, D. L. (1984). Two-component models of socially desirable responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 598–609.

Paulhus, D. L., Lysy, D. C., & Yik, M. S. (1998). Self-report measures of intelligence: Are they useful as proxy IQ tests? Journal of Personality, 66, 525–554.

Pérez, J. C., Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2005). Measuring trait emotional intelligence. In R. Schulze & R. D. Roberts (eds.), International Handbook of Emotional Intelligence (pp. 181–201). Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe & Huber.

Petrides, K. V. (2011). Ability and trait emotional intelligence. In T. Chamorro-Premuzic, A. Furnham, & S. von Stumm (eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences (pp. 656–678). New York: Wiley.

Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2001). Trait emotional intelligence: Psychometric investigation with reference to established trait taxonomies. European Journal of Personality, 15, 425–448.

Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2003). Trait emotional intelligence: Behavioural validation in two studies of emotion recognition and reactivity to mood induction. European Journal of Personality, 17, 39–57.

Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2006). The role of trait emotional intelligence in a gender-specific model of organizational variables. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 552–569.

Petrides, K. V., Pita, R., & Kokkinaki, F. (2007). The location of trait emotional intelligence in personality factor space. British Journal of Psychology, 98, 273–289.

Petrides, K. V., Sangareau, Y., Furnham, A., & Frederickson, N. (2006). Trait emotional intelligence and children’s peer relations at school. Social Development, 15, 537–547.

Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9, 185–211.

Salovey, P., Bedell, B., Detweiler, J. B., & Mayer, J. (1999). Coping intelligently: emotional intelligence and the coping process. In C. R. Snyder (ed.), Coping: the psychology of what works (pp. 141–164). New York: Oxford University Press.

Santesso, L. D., Dana, L. R., Schmidt, L. A., & Segalowitz, S. J. (2006). Frontal electroencephalogram activation asymmetry, emotional intelligence, and externalizing behaviors in 10-year-old children. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 36, 311–328.

Schofield, J. W., & Whitley, B. E. Jr. (1983). Peer nomination vs. rating scale measurement of children’s peer preferences. Social Psychology Quarterly, 46, 242–251.

Scholte, R. H., van Aken, M. A., & van Lieshout, C. F. (1997). Adolescent personality factors in self-ratings and peer nominations and their prediction of peer acceptance and peer rejection. Journal of Personality Assessment, 69, 534–554.

Sevdalis, N., Petrides, K. V., & Harvey, N. (2007). Trait emotional intelligence and decision - related emotions. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 1347–1358.

Smółka, P., & Szulawski, M. (2011). Personality traits and motivational traits as predictors of social competence. Implication for occupational selection process. Education of Economists and Managers, 22, 111–126.

Szczygieł, D. (2007). Zdolniejsze kobiety czy mniej zmotywowani mężczyźni? Różnice między płciami w zróżnicowaniu i złożoności werbalizacji emocji [Sex differences in complexity and differentiation of verbalization of emotions – ability or motivation?]. Psychologia, Edukacja i Społeczeństwo, 4, 47–66.

Szczygieł, D. (2008). Inteligencja emocjonalna – więcej niż IQ i osobowość? O potrzebie i znaczeniu sprawdzania trafności dodanej narzędzi mierzących inteligencję emocjonalną [Emotional Intelligence – more than IQ and personality? The need and the importance of testing incremental validity of emotional intelligence instruments]. In M. Śmieja & J. Orzechowski (eds.), Inteligencja emocjonalna: fakty, mity, kontrowersje [Emotional intelligence: Facts, myths, controversies] (pp. 136–152). Warszawa: PWN.

Szczygieł, D., & Bazińska, R. (2013). Emotional intelligence as a moderator in the relationship between negative emotions and emotional exhaustion among employees in service sector occupations. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 44, 75–86.

Szczygieł, D., & Baka, Ł. (2016). The role of personal resources in the relationship between job stressors and emotional exhaustion. Polish Journal of Applied Psychology, 14, 135–154.

Szczygieł, D., Buczny, J., & Bazińska, R. (2012). Emotion regulation and emotional information processing: The moderating effect of emotional awareness. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 433–437.

Szczygieł, D., Jasielska, A., & Wytykowska, A. (2015). Psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 46, 447–459.

Szczygieł, D., & Kiełkiewicz J. (2005). Inteligencja emocjonalna i powodzenie szkolne [Emotional intelligence and emotional intelligence and academic achievement]. Psychologia Rozwojowa, 10, 59–68.

van der Linden, D., Scholte, R. H., Cillessen, A. H., te Nijenhuis, J., & Segers, E. (2010). Classroom ratings of likeability and popularity are related to the Big Five and the general factor of personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 669–672.

Van Der Zee, K., & Wabeke, R. (2004). Is trait-emotional intelligence simply or more than just a trait? European Journal of Personality, 18, 243–263.

Villanueva, J. J., & Sanchez, J. C. (2007). Trait emotional intelligence and leadership self-efficacy: Their relationship with collective efficacy. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 10, 349–357.

Wytykowska, A., & Petrides, K. V. (2007). Inteligencja emocjonalna jako dyspozycja. Polska adaptacja skali do badania inteligencji emocjonalnej jako cechy [Polish adaptation of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue)]. Psychologia, Edukacja i Społeczeństwo, 4, 97–110.

Zawadzki, B., Strelau, J., Szczepaniak, P., & Śliwińska, M. (1998). Inwentarz osobowości NEO-FFI Costy i McCrae. Podręcznik [Personality Inventory NEO-FFI by Costa and McCrae. Polish Adaptation. Handbook]. Warszawa: Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego.

Opublikowane

2017-06-05

Jak cytować

Szczygieł, D., & Weber, J. (2017). Emotional intelligence predicts peer-rated social competence above and beyond personality traits. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 5(2), 91–101. Pobrano z https://czasopisma.bg.ug.edu.pl/index.php/CIiPP/article/view/8453

Numer

Dział

Artykuły