Academic Scientific JournalsTerminological Chaos in Labelling False Online Content
Keywords:
Deepfake, Disinformation, Fake News, Hoax, MisinformationAbstract
The study deals with the issue of misleading information in the Internet environment. The authors define and analyse basic terms denoting various methods of disinformation. They point to the fact that there are specific terms and phenomena forming the thematic axis of the current discourse on disinformation practices in online media. They state that there is quite a lot of chaos in the field of terminology. This is the reason why they critically reconsider the existing knowledge related to disinformation, such as fake news and the like. The ambition of the authors is the conceptualisation of disinformation methods in the context of a broadening of genres and social background. They emphasise the need to research the issue because the information quality of various blogs, posts, comments, etc. raises many unanswered questions or incorrect answers. In their analysis of the issue, they use the basic methods of logical analysis, the hermeneutic approach, as well as selectively chosen examples of individual typological variants of disinformation.
Downloads
References
Altheide, D. L., Snow, R. P., (1979), Media logic. Beverly Hills: Sage.
Berry, D., Theobald, J., (Eds.) (2006) Radical Mass Media Criticism: A Cultural Genealogy. Montreal: Black Rose Books.
Conboy, M., (2004), Journalism. A critical history. London: SAGE Publications.
DeUze, M., (2015), Media life. Život v médiích. Praha : Karolinum.
Ftorek, J., (2012), Public relations jako ovlivňování mínění. Jak úspěšně ovlivnovat a nenechat se zmanipulovat. Praha : Grada Publishing.
Ftorek, J., (2017), Manipulace a propaganda na pozadí současné informační války. Praha : Grada.
Gereshberg, Z., (2017), Multiplatform Journalism. In ALLEN, M.: The Sage Encyclopaedia of Communication Research Methods. Thousand Oaks : Sage Publications, pp. 1037-1040.
Goldstein, T., (1989), Killing the Messenger: 100 Years of Media Criticism. New York, Columbia University Press.
Gregor, M. et al., (2018), Nejlepší kniha o fake news!!! Brno : C Press.
Holt, J., Perren, (Eds.)., (2009), Media Industries. History, Theory, and Method. Oxford : Blackwell Publishing.
Hudíková, Z., (2015), Emotional factors in creating media contents. In: European Journal of Science and Theology, Vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 155-165. - ISSN 1841-0464.
Hvížďala, K., (2003), Moc a nemoc médií. Praha : Dokořán.
Ilowiecki, M., Zazepa, T., (2003), Moc a nemoc médií. Trnava : Trnavská univerzita, VEDA.
Křeček, J., (2004), Dezinformace. In REIFOVÁ, I. (ed.) et al.: Slovník mediální komunikace. Praha : Portál.
Markoš, J., (2019), Sila rozumu v bláznivej dobe. Bratislava : N Press, s.r.o.
McCombs, M., (2009), Agenda setting. Nastolování agendy: masová média a veřejné mínění. Praha : Portál.
Nutil, P., (2018), Média lži a příliš rychlý mozek. Praha : Grada.
Pravdová, H., Hudíková, Z., Panasenko, N., (2020), Homo corporalis as the communicated muse and centrepiece of commercialized culture. In European Journal of Media, Art and Photography, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 68-84, ISSN 1339-4940.
Pravdová, H., Radošinská, J., Višňovský, J., (2017), Koncepty a praktiky multiplatformovej žurnalistiky. Slovensko v sieťach digitálnych diaľnic. Trnava : FMK UCM.
Remišová, A., (2010), Etika médií. Bratislava . Kalligram.
Sámelová, A., (2019), Online Self-conspiracy as a Challenge of Online-mediated Communication for Social Change. In Communication Today, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 4-15. ISSN 1338-130X.
Ujfaluši, T., (2018), Fake news, dezinformácie a fámy. In GREGOR, M. et al.: Nejlepší kniha o fake news!!! Brno : C Press.
Višňovský, J., Radošinská, J., (2018), Introductory Chapter: Some Notes on Journalism in the Age of Social Media. In VIŠŇOVSKÝ, J., RADOŠINSKÁ, J. (eds.): Social Media and Journalism – Trends, Connections, Implications. London : InTech Open, pp. 3-9. ISBN 978-1-78984-259-3.
Vojtek, J., Jenča, I., Holeštiak, P., Višňovský, J., (2010), Dejiny svetových novinárstiev (anglického a amerického). Trnava : FMK UCM.
Vrabec, N., Zachar, M., (2018), Press Agencies News Service as a Tool to Support Media Literacy Development. In Media Literacy and Academic Research, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 43-53. ISSN 2585-8726.
Zweig, S., (2019), Pred búrkou. Bratislava : Ikar.
ELECTRONIC SOURCES
A brilliant CGI Imagine. [online]. [2019-12-30]. Available at: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ko9QLXLlndw>.
CAPLAN. R., HANSON. L., DONOVAN. J.: (2018), Dead Reckoning: Navigating Content Moderation After “Fake News”. [online]. [2019-12-11]. Available at: <https://datasociety.net/pubs/oh/DataAndSociety_Dead_Reckoning_2018.pdf>.
Česká televízia odvysielala naživo zábery jadrového výbuchu v Krkonošiach. [online]. [2019-12-30]. Available at: <https://medialne.etrend.sk/televizia/ceska-televizia-odvysielala-nazivo-zabery-jadroveho-vybuchu-v-krkonosiach.html>.
Deepfake. [online]. [2019-12-30]. Available at: <https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/deepfake>.
Fake news. [online]. [2019-12-11]. Available at: <https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/fake-news?q=fake+news>.
Hoax. [online]. [2020-01-06]. Available at: <https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/hoax>.
KERN, M.: (2018), Fico vidí za tlakom na Kaliňáka pokus o prevrat a Sorosa. [online]. [2020-01-07]. Available at: <https://dennikn.sk/1050737/fico-vidi-za-tlakom-na-kalinaka-pokuso-prevrat-a-sorosa/>.
PARIS, B., DONOVAN, J.: (2015), Deepfakes and cheap fakes. [online]. [2020-01-14]. Availableat: <https://datasociety.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DS_Deepfakes_Cheap_FakesFinal-1.pdf>.
Reducing Low-Quality Ads on Facebook. [online]. [2020-01-02]. Available at: <https://www.facebook.com/business/news/reducing-low-quality-ads-on-facebook>.
S akým obsahom sa na internete môžeme stretnúť? [online]. [2019-12-11]. Available at:<https://zvolsi.info/sk/fantomas/>.
Tackling online disinformation in the European Union. [online]. [2020-01-07]. Available at:<https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=61678>.
WARDLE, C.: (2019), Understanding Information Disorder. [online]. [2020-01-06]. Availableat: <https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Information_Disorder_Digital_AW.pdf?x76701>.
WARDLE, C.: (2017), Fake news. It’s complicated. [online]. [2019-12-11]. Available at:<https://firstdraftnews.org/latest/fake-news-complicated/>.
What is 2017’s word of the year? [online]. [2019-12-11]. Available at: <https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-41838386>.
