Academic Scientific JournalsIlliberal Democracy as a Result of Liberal Democratic Regression in Central and Eastern European Countries
Keywords:
Illiberal Democracy, Liberal Democracy, Central and Eastern European Countries, Democratic Regression, Democratic PerformanceAbstract
The purpose of the article is to provide insight into illiberal democracy as a result of liberal democratic regression in the EU-integrated Central and Eastern European counties. Changes in the political pathways of Hungary, Poland and Czech Republic have been analysed, indicating the distinctive qualities of their political regression. Factors increasing democratic regression of the analysed CEE countries after their joining the EU have been established. Conclusions regarding the reasons for the illiberal transition and specific aspects of democratic deconsolidation of the region’s nations have been made. Specific characteristics of illiberal dynamics in the analysed group of countries have been defined. Deformation of liberal democracy has been studied in accordance with the methodology which combines the cognitive potential of neo-constitutionalism, political comparativistics and transitology paradigm.
Downloads
References
Alam, A. et al. (2008), Unleashing prosperity: productivity growth in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank, Washington.
Bayer, J., (2002), Rechtspopulismus und Rechtsextremismus in Ostmitteleuropa, in Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, 31 (3), 265-280.
Bedratenko, O., (2018). Vidxid vid liberalizmu v Sxidnij Jevropi ne jde na koryst’ Ukrajini. In: Аgora. No 19-20, pp. 44-47.
Bermeo, N., (2016), On democratic backsliding, in Journal of Democracy, 27 (1), 5-9.
Bugarič, B.; Ginsburg, T., (2016), The Assault on Postcommunist Courts, in Journal of Democracy, 27 (3), 69-82.
Bustikova, L., Guasti, P., (2017), The Illiberal Turn or Swerve in Central Europe?, in Politics and Governance, 5 (4), 166-176.
Carothers, T., (2002), The End of the Transition Paradigm, in Journal of Democracy, 13 (1), 5-21.
Císař, O., (2017), Czech Republic: From Post-Communist Idealism to Economic Populism, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Berlin.
Crowther, W., (2017), Ethnic Condominium and Illiberalism in Macedonia, in East European Politics and Societies, 31 (4), 739-761.
Dawson, J.; Hanley, S. L., (2016), What’s Wrong with East-Central Europe? The Fading Mirage of the “Liberal Consensus”, in Journal of Democracy, 27 (1), 20-34.
Deneen, P., (2018), Why Liberalism Failed, Yale University Press, New Haven.
Dresden, J. R.; Howard, M. M., (2016), Aauthoritarian backsliding and the Concentration of Political Power, in Democratization, 23 (7), 1122-1143.
Dzihic, V., (2016), Illiberal democracy. A European issue, in European Civic Forum Magazine Activizenship, 2, 30-39.
Erdmann, G., (2011), Decline of Democracy: Loss of Quality, Hybridisation and breakdown of Democracy, in G. Erdman, M. Kneuer (Eds.), Regression of Democracy? Wiesbaden: Springer, 21-58.
Freedom in the world 2018 (2018), Retrieved from https://freedomhouse. org/sites/default/files/FHFITW_Report_2018_Final_SinglePage.pdf (Accessed October 22, 2019).
Guasti, P., (2016), Development of citizen participation in Central and Eastern Europe after the EU enlargement and economic crises, in Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 49 (3), 219-231.
Guasti, P.; Mansfeldová, Z. (Eds.) (2018), Democracy Under Stress. Changing Perspectives on Democracy, Governance and Their Measurement, Institute of Sociology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague.
Habermas, J., (2008), Notes on post-secular society, in New perspectives quarterly, 25 (4), 17-29.
Hanley, S. L.; Vachudova, M. A., (2018), Understanding the illiberal turn: democratic backsliding in the Czech Republic, in East European Politics, 34 (3), 276-296.
Ignatieff, M., (2014), New World Disorder. New York Review of Books, 25.
Jović, D., (2017), Rat i mit: Politika identiteta u suvremenoj Hrvatskoj, Fraktura, Zagreb.
Kelemen; R. D., (2017), Europe’s Other Democratic Deficit: National Authoritarianism in Europe’s Democratic Union, in Government and Opposition, 52 (2), 211-238.
Kmezić, M.; Bieber, F., (2017), Western Balkans and the EU Fresh Wind in the Sails of Enlargement. Balkans in Europe Policy Advisory Group.
Kochenov, D., (2008), EU Enlargement and the Failure of Conditionality: Pre-Accession Conditionality in the Fields of Democracy and the Rule of Law. Kluwer Law International.
Krastev, I., (2016), What’s Wrong with East-Central Europe? Liberalism’s Failure to Deliver, in Journal of Democracy, 27 (1), 35-39.
Krastev, I.; Holmes, S. (2018), Explaining Eastern Europe: Imitation and Its Discontents, in Journal of Democracy, 29 (3), 117-128.
Krastev, І., (2007), The Strange Death of the Liberal Consensus, in Journal of Democracy, 18 (4), 56-63.
Levitsky, S.; Ziblatt D., (2018), How Democracies Die, Crown Publishing Group, New York.
Luce, E., (2017), The retreat of western liberalism, First Grove Atlantic, New York.
Merkel, W., (2004), Embedded and Defective Democracies, in Democratization, 11 (5), 33-58.
Merkel, W., (2008), Plausible Theory, Unexpected Results: The Rapid Democratic Consolidation in Central and Eastern Europe, in International Politics and Society, 2, 11-29.
Norris, P.; Inglehart, R., (2019), Cultural Backlash: The Rise of Authoritarian-Populism, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Plattner, M. F., (2015), Is Democracy in Decline? in Journal of Democracy, 26 (1), 5-10.
Puhle, H. J., (2005), Democratic Consolidation and «Defective Democracies». Retrieved from https://www.uam.es/Derecho/documento/1242659688189/doc10_4.pdf? blobheader=application/pdf (Accessed September 11, 2019).
Romanjuk, O., (2017), Ščo take «defektni demokratiji i jakymy vony buvajut’, in Visnyk Nacional’noho universytetu «Jurydyčna akademija Ukrajiny imeni Jaroslava Mudroho», 2 (33), 114-123.
Schimmelfennig, F., (2007), European Regional Organizations, Political Conditionality, and Democratic Transformation in Eastern Europe, in East European Politics and Societies, 21 (1), 126-141.
Sedelmeier, U., (2014), Anchoring Democracy from Above? The European Union and Democratic Backsliding in Hungary and Romania after Accession, in Journal of Common Market Studies, 52 (1), 105-121.
Szent-Iványi, B.; Tétényi, A., (2008), Transition and foreign aid policies in the Visegrád countries. A path dependent approach, in Transition Studies Review, 15 (3), 573-587.
Vachudova, M.; Hooghe, L., (2009), Postcommunist Politics in a Magnetic Field: How Transition and EU Accession Structure Party Competition on European Integration, in Comparative European Politics, 7, 179-212.
Youngs, R.; Manney, S., (2018), Recession and Renewal in European Democracy. Retrieved from https://carnegieeurope.eu/2018/02/26/recession-and-renewal-in-europeandemocracy-pub-75601 (Accessed September 15, 2019).
Zakaria, F., (1997), The Rise of Illiberal Democracy, in Foreign Affairs, 76, 22-43.
