Academic Scientific JournalsIs there a need for local environmental policy creation regarding tourism impacts?
Keywords:
local residents, segmentation, cluster analysis, environmental policyAbstract
The main purpose of this paper is to determine the local residents’ attitude differences and to segment them into diverse groups regarding their consciousness of environmental tourism impacts in order to define the need for creation of local environmental policy. The empirical research was conducted in the period from May 1st 2015 to May 1st 2016 on a convenient sample of 1, 339 local residents living in the City of Dubrovnik (The Republic of Croatia). Cluster analysis and ANOVA were used for data analysis. The findings indicate the existence of three different segments based on local residents´ attitudes toward environmental tourism impacts. Also, education as a socio-demographic variable, together with spatial and temporal ones has been found statistically significant. Outcomes of this paper show the general absence of environmental consciousness which implies the necessity for environmental policy creation through the process of increasing local residents’ level of awareness toward environmental tourism impacts. Local residents and their passive and active involvement in environmental policy making are an important factor of quality and sustainable tourism development.
Downloads
References
Aguiló, E. & Rosselló, J., (2005), Host Community Perceptions, A Cluster Analysis, Annals of Tourism Research, 32 (4), 925-941.
Almeida García, F., Balbuena Vázquez, A., & Cortés Macías, R., (2015), Resident’s Attitudes towards the Impacts of Tourism, Tourism Management Perspectives, 13, 33-40.
Amuquandoh, F. E., (2010), Residents’ perceptions of the environmental impacts of tourism in the Lake Bosomtwe Basin, Ghana, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(2), 223-238.
Andereck, K. L., Valentine, K. M., Knopf, R. C., & Vogt, C. A. (2005), Residents’ perception of community tourism impacts, Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), 1056-1076.
Andriotis, K., & Vaughan, D.R., (2003), Urban Residents’ Attitudes towards Tourism Development: The Case of Crete, Journal of Travel Research, 42(2), 172-185.
Bagri, S. C., & Kala, D., (2016), Residents’ Attitudes toward Tourism Development and Impacts in Koti-Kanasar, Indroli, Pattyur Tourism Circuit of Uttarakhand State, India, Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 14(1), 23-39.
Barquet, A., Brida, J. G., & Osti, L. (2010). Segmenting Resident Perceptions towards Tourism – A Cluster Analysis with the Multinomial Logit Model of Mountain Community, International Journal of Tourism Research, 12 (5), 591-602.
Bujosa, A., & Roselló, J., (2007). Modelling environmental attitudes toward tourism, Tourism Management, 28, 688-695.
Carić, H., (2011), Cruising Tourism Environmental Impacts: Case Study of Dubrovnik, Croatia, Journal of Coastal Research, 61, 104-113.
Cook, K., (1982), Guidelines for socially appropriate tourism development in British Columbia, Journal of Travel Research, 21(1), 22-28.
Davis, D., Allen, J., & Cosenza, R. M., (1988), Segmenting Local Residents by their Attitudes, Interests and Opinions toward Tourists, Journal of Travel Research, 27 (2), 2-8.
Evans, T.R. (1993). Residents’ Perceptions of Tourism in Selected New Zealand Communities: A Segmentation Study. MPhil Thesis. Otago University, Otago.
Faulkner, B., & Tideswell, C. (1997). A Framework for Monitoring Community Impacts of Tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 5(1), 3-28.
Fredline E., & Faulkner B. (2000), Host Community Reactions, A Cluster Analysis, Annals of Tourism Research, 27, 763-784.
Gőssling, S., Hansson, B., Hőrstmeier, O., & Saggel, S., (2002), Ecological footprint analysis as a tool to assess tourism sustainability, Ecological Economics, 43, 199-211.
Gursoy, D., Jurowski, C., & Uysal, M., (2002), Residents Attitudes A Structural Modelling Approach, Annals of Tourism Research, 29 (1), 79-105.
Inbakaran, R. & Jackson, M., (2006), Resident attitudes inside Victoria's tourism product regions: A cluster analysis, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 13 (1), 59-73.
Jackson, L. (2008). Residents’ perceptions of the impacts of special event tourism, Journal of Place Management and Development, 1(3), 240-255.
Jurowski, C., & Gursoy, D., (2004), Distance effects on residents’ attitudes toward tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(2), 296-304.
Kuvan, Y., & Akan, P., (2005), Residents’ attitudes toward general and forest-related impacts of tourism: the case of Belek, Anatalya, Tourism Management, 26, 691-706.
Lankford, S. V., & Howard, D. R., (1994). Developing a tourism impacts attitude scale, Annals of Tourism Research, 21(1), 121-139.
Liu, J., & Var, T. (1986), Residents’ attitudes toward tourism impacts in Hawaii, Annals of Tourism Research, 13(2), 193-214.
Liu, J.C., Sheldon, P. J., & Var, T., (1987), Resident Perception of the Environmental Impacts of Tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 14, 17-37.
Logar, I., (2010), Sustainable tourism management in Crikvenica, Croatia: An assessment of policy instruments, Tourism Management, 31(1), 125-135.
Madrigal, R., (1995), Residents' Perceptions and the Role of Government, Annals of Tourism Research, 22, 86-102.
McGehee, N., & Andereck, K., (2004), Factors predicting rural residents’ support of tourism, Journal of Travel Research, 43(2), 131-140.
Marušić, Z., Horak, S., & Tomljenović, R. (2008). The Socioeconomic Impacts of Cruise Tourism: A Case Study of Croatian Destinations, Tourism in Marine Environments, 5(2-3), 131-144.
Pavlić, I. & Portolan, A. (2016), Residents’ attitudes of responsibility in regional sustainable tourism development, Congress Proceedings of 23rd Tourism and hospitality industry, Trends and Challenges, Opatija, 260-273.
Pavlić, I., Portolan, A., & Puh, B., (2017), [Un]supported Current Tourism Development in UNESCO Protected Site: The Case of Old City of Dubrovnik. Economies, 5(9), 1-13.
Perdue, R. R., Long, P. T., & Allen, L., (1987). Rural resident tourism perceptions and attitudes. Annals of Tourism Research, 14(3), 420-429.
Pérez, E., & Nadal, J., (2005), Host Community Perceptions: A Cluster Analysis, Annals of Tourism Research, 32 (4), 925-941.
Peručić, D & Puh, B. (2012). Attitudes of citizens of Dubrovnik towards the impact of cruise tourism on Dubrovnik, Tourism and Hospitality Management, 18 (2), 213-228.
Petrić, L. & Pivčević, S., (2016), Community based tourism development – insights from Split, Croatia, Tourism & Hospitality Industry, Congress Proceedings, 294-307.
Pranić, Lj., & Petrić, L. (2010), The attitudes of the island local community towards sustainable tourism development-the case of Stari Grad, island Hvar. Island Sustainability, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 130, 77-89.
Pranić, Lj., Petrić,L., & Cetinić, L., (2012), Host population perceptions of the social impacts of sport tourism events in transition countries: Evidence from Croatia, International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 3(3), 236-256.
Ryan, C., & Montgomery, D., (1994), The attitudes of Bakewell Residents to Tourism and Issues in Community Responsive Tourism, Tourism Management, 15 (5), 358-369.
Ryan, C., Scotland, A., & Montomery, D., (1998), Resident Attitudes to Tourism Development – A Comparative Study between the Rangitikei, New Zealand and Bakewell, United Kingdom, Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4 (2), 115-130.
Sharpley, R., (2014), Host Perception of Tourism: A Review of the Research. Tourism Management, 42, 37-49.
Tsiotsou, R., (2006), Using frequency to segment ski resorts customers. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12(1), 15-26.
Vareiro, L., Remoaldo, P. C., & Cadima Ribeiro, J., (2013), Residents’ Perceptions of Tourism Impacts in Guimarães (Portugal): A Cluster Analysis, Current Issues in Tourism, 16 (6), 535-551.
Weaver, D. B., & Lawton, L. J., (2001), Resident Perception in the Urban-Rural Fringe, Annals of Tourism Research, 28 (2), 439-458.
Williams J., & Lawson R., (2001), Community Issues and Resident Opinions of Tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 28 (2), 269-290.
Zhong, L., Deng, J., Song, Z., & Ding, P., (2011), Research on environmental impacts of tourism in China: Progress and prospect. Journal of Environment Management, 32, 2972-2983.
