Academic Scientific JournalsReproductive biology of the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Turkish Aegean Sea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26881/oahs-2024.1.02Keywords:
European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, batch fecundity, first length maturity, İzmir Bay, Aegean SeaAbstract
The present study investigated the reproductive biology of European anchovies obtained seasonally from fishermen in İzmir Bay (Aegean Sea). The total length range of the investigated individuals was 9.0 – 15.7 cm. Of the 750 samples in which sex was determined, 34% were males, and 66% were females, resulting in a female-to-male ratio of 1.91:1. The first maturation length was determined to be 10.47 cm for females and 9.95 cm for males. Based on the total values of the gonadosomatic index, it was concluded that the reproductive period of the species falls in the summer season. The batch fecundity of the species ranged from 2.123 to 6.951 oocytes, and the fecundity– length relationship was expressed as F = 1134.4TL – 10034 (R2 = 0.84). Histological examination of the female ovaries revealed the presence of oocytes at different stages of development, indicating multiple spawning during the reproductive season.
Downloads
References
Alheit, J., Alarcon, V. H. & Macewicz, B. J. (1984). Spawning Frequency And Sex Ratio. In The Peruvian Anchovy, Engraulis ringens. CalCOFl Rep, Vol. XXV, 43–52.
Alheit, J. (1989). Comparative spawning biology of anchovies, sardines and sprats. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions - Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer, 191, 7–14.
Ali, M., & Wootton, R. J. (1999). Effect of variable food levels on reproductive performance of breeding female threespined sticklebacks. Journal of Fish Biology, 55(5), 1040–1053.
Anonymous. (2001). Comparative data on fish life history. http://www.ifremer.fr/maerha/life_history.html.
Bagenal, T. B., & Tesch, F. W. (1978). Age and Growth. In: T. B. Bagenal (Ed.), Methods for Assessment of Fish Production in Fresh Waters. UK (pp. 101–136). Blackwell Science Publication.
Beverton, R. J. H. (1963). Maturation, growth and mortality of clupeid and engraulid stocks in relation to fishing. Rapports et procěs-verbaux des réunions commission internationale pour l’exploration scientifique de la Méditerranée, Vol. 1, 154, 44–67.
Blaxter, J. H. S. (1969). Experimental rearing of pilchard larvae. (Sardina pilchardus). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 49, 557–575. https:// doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400027090.
Correia, A. T., Manso, S., & Coimbra, J. (2009). Age, growth and reproductive biology of the European conger eel (Conger conger) from the Atlantic Iberian waters. Fisheries Research, 99(3), 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2009.06.002.
El Qendouci, M., Amenzoui, K., & Yahyaoui, A. (2020). Size at maturity, fecundity and spawning period of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the central area of the Moroccan Atlantic coast. International Aquatic Research., 12(3), 171–181.
Esseen, M. (1992). Analysis of Adriatic pelagic fish stocks and an investigation into the measurement of fishing power in part of the Adriatic pelagic fishing fleet. University of Wales (U.C.N.W., Bangor: Fisheries Biology and Management), p. 306.
Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2023). Fish Base. http://www.fishbase. org, 2023 (Accessed 03 January 2023).
Funamoto, T., Aoki, I., & Wada, Y. (2004). Reproductive characteristicsof Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonicus, in two bays of Japan. Fisheries Research, 70(1), 71–81. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2004.06.017.
Holden, M. J., & Raitt, D. F. S. (1974). Manual of Fisheries Science. Part 2. Methods of Resource Investigation and Their Application. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 115. Food and Agriculture Organization, Quebec, June, Rome.
Hunter, J. R., & Goldberg, S. R. (1980). Spawning incidence and batch fecundity in northern Anchovy, Engraulis mordax. Fish Bulletin, 77, 641–652.
Hunter, J. R., & Macewicz, B. J. (1985). Measurement of spawning frequency in multiple spawning fishes. In: An Egg Production Method for Estimating Spawning Biomass of Pelagic Fish: Application to the Northern Anchovy, Engraulis mordax (ed. R. Lasker), NOAA Technical Report NMFS, US Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA, USA, 79–93.
Huret, M., Bourriau, P., Gatti, P., Dumas, F., & Petitgas, P. (2016). Size, permeability and buoyancy of anchovy (Engraulis Encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina Pilchardus) eggs in relation to their physical environment in the Bay of Biscay. Fisheries Oceanography, 25(6), 582–597. https://doi. org/10.1111/fog.12174.
ICES. (2009). Report of the Workshop on Age reading of European anchovy (WKARA), 9-13 November 2009, Sicily, Italy. ICES CM 2009/ACOM:43. 122 pp.
ICES. (2010). Report of the Planning Group on Recreational Fisheries (PGRFS), 7-11 June 34 ICES CM 2010/ACOM, Bergen, Norway 168 pp.
Karataş, A., Filiz, H., Erciyas-Yavuz, K., Özeren, S. C., & Tok, C. V. (2021). The Vertebrate Biodiversity of Turkey, M. Öztürk et al. (eds.). Biodiversity, Conservation and Sustainability in Asia, 175–274 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030- 59928-7_10.
Kayalı, E. (1998). A research on the bioecological characteristics of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L. 1758) and horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) in the Eastern Black Sea ecosystem. Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. Master’s thesis, p. 236.
King, M. (1995). Reproduction and recruitment. In M. King (Ed.), Fisheries biology, assessment and management (pp. 151–165). Fishing New Books.
Lisovenko, A. L., & Andrianov, D. P. (1996). Reproductive biology of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus ponticus Alexandrov 1927) in the Black Sea. Scientia Marina, 60(2), 209–218.
Mater, S., & Çoker, T. (2002). Ichthyoplankton Atlas of the Turkiye Seas, Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, Supplementary Textbook, p. 211.
Millán, M. (1999). Reproductive characteristics and condition status of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus L. from the Bay of Cadiz (SW Spain). Fisheries Research, 41(1), 73–86. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00010-7 .
Motos, L. (1996). Reproductive biology and fecundity of the Bay of Biscay anchovy population (Engraulis encrasicolus L.). Scientia Marina, 60(2), 195–207.
Murua, H., Kraus, G., Saborido-Rey, F., Witthames, P. R., Thorsen, A., & Junquera, S. (2003). Procedures to estimate fecundity of marine fish species in relation to their reproductive strategy. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, 33, 33–53. https://doi.org/10.2960/J.v33.a3.
Mutlu, C. (1996). A research on some population parameters of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linneaus, 1758) in the Southeastern Black Sea. MSc thesis, p. 44, KTU. Trabzon, Turkey.
Mutlu, C. (2000). Population characteristics of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linneaus, 1758) population and estimation stock abundance by analytical methods in the Southeastern Black Sea. PhD thesis, p. 111, KTU, Trabzon, Turkey.
Muus, B. J., & Nielsen, J. G. (1999). Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book. Nikolsky, G. V. (1963). The Ecology of Fishes. Academic Press.
NOAA Technical Report (1985). An Egg Production Method for Estimating Spawning Biomass of Pelagic Fish: Application to the Northern Anchovy, Engraulis mordax. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 36, p. 105.
Özdamar, E., Kihara, K., & Erkoyuncu, İ. (1991). Some biological characteristics of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L. 1758) in the Black Sea. Journal of the Tokyo University of Fisheries, 78(1), 57–64.
Parrish, R. H., Mallicoate, D. L., & Klingbeil, R. A. (1986). Age dependent fecundity, number of spawnings per year, sex ratio and maturation stages in northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax. Fish Bulletin, 84(3), 503–517.
Ré, P. (1996). Anchovy spawning in the Mira estuary (southwestern Portugal). Scientia Marina, 60(2), 141–153.
Ribeiro, R., Reis, J., Santos, C., Gonçalves, F., & Soares, A. M. V. M. (1996). Spawning of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus in the Mondego Estuary, Portugal. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 42(4), 467–482. https://doi.org/10.1006/ ecss.1996.0030.
Sağlam, N. E., & Sağlam, C. (2013). Age, growth and mortality of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus in the south-eastern region of the Black Sea during the 2010–2011 fishing season. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 93(8), 2247–2255. https://doi. org/10.1017/S0025315413000611.
Samsun, O., Samsun, N., Kalayci, F., & Bilgin, S. (2006). A study on recent variations in the population structure of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L., 1758) in the Southern Black Sea. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 23(3–4), 301–306.
Santiago, J., & Sanz, A. (1992). Daily fecundity of the Bay of Biscay anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus (L.), population in 1988. Boletín Instıtuto Español de Oceanografía, 8, 215– 224.
Sanz, A., & Uriarte, A. (1989). Reproductive cycle and batch fecundity of the Bay of Biscay anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus in 1987. CalCOFI Rep., 30, 127–135.
Sinovčić, G., & Zorica, B. (2006). Reproductive cycle and minimal length at sexual maturity of Engraulis encrasicolus (L.) in the Zrmanja River estuary (Adriatic Sea, Croatia). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 69, 439–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.04.003.
Somarakis, S., Palomera, I., Garcia, A., Quintanilla, L., Koutsikopoulos, C., Uriarte, A., & Motos, L. (2004). Daily egg production of anchovy in European waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science 61(6), 944–958 p. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.07.018.
Somarakis, S. (2005). Marked interannual differences in reproductive parameters and daily egg production of anchovy in the northern Aegean Sea. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 135(2), 247–252.
Uçkun, D., Akalın, S., & Toğulga, M. (2005). Investigations of the age and growth of Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L., 1758) in Izmir Bay. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 22(3–4), 281–285.
Uriarte, A., Prouzet, P., & Villamor, B. (1996). Bay of Biscay and Ibero Atlantic anchovy populations and their fisheries. Scientia Marina, 60(2), 237–255.
Ünsal, N. (1989). A Study on the Age-Length-Weight Relationship and the Determination of the Smallest Game Size of the Anchovy Fish Engraulis encrasicolus (L. 1758) in the Black Sea. İstanbul University Fishery Bulten 3, 17–28.
Valladolid, M., & Przybylski, M. (2008). Life history traits of the endangered Iberian loach Cobitis calderoni in the River Lozoya, central Spain. Folia Zoologica, 57(1–2), 147–154.
Veldre, I. (2003). Anchovy, Engraulis encrasicholus (L.). In E. Ojaveer, E. Pihu, & T. Saat (Eds.), Fishes of Estonia (pp. 89– 90). Estonian Academy Publishers.
Whitehead, P. J. P. (1984). Engraulidae. In P. J. P. Whitehead, M.- L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, & E. Tortonese (Eds.), Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean (Vol. 1, pp. 282-283). UNESCO.
Whitehead, P. J. P., Nelson, G. J., & Wongratana, T. (1988). FAO species catalogue. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolfherrings. Part 2. Engraulidae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis 7. 125. 579 p.
