Academic Scientific JournalsMulti-index assessment of heavy metals and selenium contamination and ecological risk in drought-impacted Karataş lake sediments (Burdur-Türkiye)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26881/oahs-2026.1.03Keywords:
Karataş Lake, Heavy metal, Pollution indices, Sediment, TürkiyeAbstract
Karataş Lake is a significant lake in Türkiye and completely dried up in 2021. In subsequent years, the lake intermittently retained water due to redirected water resources and increased precipitation. This seasonal study conducted between October 2019 and July 2020 investigated the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn, and Se in sediment samples collected from four stations. Metal concentrations were measured by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Pollution levels and possible sources were assessed using indices, including enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), contamination factor (CF), contamination degree (CD), modified contamination degree (mCD), modified ecological risk (mER), and modified potential ecological risk (mPER). The levels of metals in sediments followed the order: Fe > Mn > Ni > Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Se > Mo > Cd. These results indicated considerable ecological risk, particularly associated with Ni and Se. Comparisons with sediment quality guidelines revealed the annual concentrations of Ni exceeded multiple threshold and effect levels. These findings emphasize the need for urgent management measures to regulate agricultural runoff, control water abstraction, and increase water input to protect Karataş Lake and ensure its long-term sustainability.
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