The role of motivation in learning foreign languages: towards a global self-identity – a literature analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2019.84569Słowa kluczowe:
motivation, self-regulation, foreign languages, global self-identityAbstrakt
Multilingualism creates possibilities of personal growth, which influences the sense of self-esteem and self-identity. This paper reviews topics related to its impact on the activity of the individual. The relationship between L2 (understood both as a second and/or a foreign language, with a focus on learning English as a foreign language) linguistic achievement, motivation, intercul-tural competence, and the development of L2 identity depending on foreign language speaking skills are discussed. Some learn-ers aspire to acquire a “bicultural” identity, which involves 2 versions of the learner: 1) a usually English-speaking, globally involved one, and 2) a local L1-speaking self. Therefore, classroom instruction should include teaching materials focused on the L2 culture, and respect students’ aspirations for personal development through foreign language education. Moreover, the stu-dents should have control over their own learning, which could be achieved by promoting oracy, student-centred instruction and cooperative learning.
Downloads
Bibliografia
Aguirre, D., Bustinza, D., & Garvich, M. (2016). Influence of Songs in Primary School Students’ Motivation for Learning English in Lima, Peru. English Language Teaching, 9, 178–191.
Alexander, R. (2010). Speaking but not listening? Accountable talk in an unaccountable context. Literacy, 44, 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741- 4369.2010.00562.x.
Alexander, R. (2012). Improving oracy and classroom talk in English schools: achievements and challenges. Paper presented at the DfE seminar on Oracy, the National Curriculum and Educational Standards.
Al Othman, F. H. M., & Shuqair, K. M. (2013). The Impact of Motivation on English Language Learning in the Gulf States. International Journal of Higher Education, 2, 123–130.
Al-Qahtani, M. F. (2013). Relationship between English Language, Learning Strategies, Attitudes, Motivation, and Students’ Academic Achievement. Education in Medicine Journal, 5, 19–29.
Arnett, J. J. (2002). The psychology of globalization. American Psychologist, 57, 774–783.
Ausubel, D. P. (1964). Adults versus Children in Second-Language Learning: Psychological Considerations. Modern Language Journal, 48, 420–424.
Azabdaftari, F., Gharehaghaji, N., & Akbari, M. H. (2014). Motivation in Learning English among the Paramedical Sciences Students in Iran: Finding a Job or Grabbing a Culture? Research & Development in Medical Education, 3, 9–13. https://doi. org/10.5681/rdme.2014.004.
Bender, S. L., Fedor, M. C., & Carlson, J. S. (2011). Examining protective factors and risk factors in urban and rural Head Start preschoolers. Journal of Community Psychology, 39, 908–921. https://doi. org/10.1002/jcop.20477.
Bernaus, M., & Gardner, R. C. (2008). Teacher motivation strategies, student perceptions, student motivation, and English achievement. Modern Language Journal, 92, 387–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2008.00753.x.
Bogdanowicz, M., Bogdanowicz, K. M., & Łockiewicz, M. (2015). The Good Start Method for English. Metoda Dobrego Startu we wspomaganiu rozwoju i uczeniu się dzieci rozpoczynających naukę języka angielskiego [Good Start Method and the facilitation of development and learning of children who start to learn English]. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Harmonia.
Burstall, C. (1978). Factors Affecting Foreign-Language Learning: a Consideration of Some Recent Research Findings. In V. Kinsella (Ed.), Language Teaching and Linguistics: Surveys (pp. 1–21). Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Coste, D., North, B., Sheils, J., & Trim, J. (2003). Europejski system opisu kształcenia językowego: uczenie się, nauczanie, ocenianie [Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment]. Białystok: CODN.
Csizer, K., & Dornyei, Z. (2005). Language Learners Motivational Profiles and Their Motivated Learning Behavior. Language Learning, 55, 613–659.
Dickinson, L. (1995). Autonomy and Motivation: a Literature Review. System, 23, 165–174. Dörnyei, Z. (2003). Attitudes, Orientations, and Motivations in Language Learning: Advances in Theory, Research, and Applications. Language Learning, 53, 3–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9922.53222.
Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The Psychology of the Language Learner: Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Dörnyei, Z. (2009). The L2 motivational Self System. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (pp. 9–42). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Dörnyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (2011). Teaching and researching motivation. Harlow: Pearson Education. Engjn, A. O. (2009). Second language learning success and motivation. Social Behavior and Personality, 37, 1035–1042. https://doi.org/10.2224/ sbp.2009.37.8.1035.
Ganschow, L., & Sparks, R. L. (1996). Anxiety about foreign language learning among high school women. Modern Language Journal, 80, 199–212. https://doi.org/10.2307/328636.
Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning. The role of attitudes and motivation. London: Edward Arnold.
Gardner, R. C. (2001). Language Learning Motivation: The Student, the Teacher, and the Researcher. Texas Papers in Foreign Language Education, 6, 1–18.
Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, W. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second-language learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Graham, S., Courtney, L., Tonkyn, A., & Marinis, T. (2016). Motivational trajectories for early language learning across the primary-secondary school transition. British Educational Research Journal, 42, 682–702. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3230.
Güçlü, M., & Şahan, A. (2017). An overall evaluation of the factors affecting foreign language learning in Turkey. Proceedings of the Multidisciplinary Academic Conference, 133–134.
Hidaka, S., Shibata, H., Kurihara, M., Tanaka, A., Konno, A., Maruyama, S., Gyoba, J., Hagiwara, H., & Koizumi, M. (2012). Effect of second language exposure on brain activity for language processing among preschoolers. Neuroscience Research, 73, 73–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2012.02.004.
Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: a theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319– 340. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.319.
Hsin-Chou, H. (2013). Motivational changes in an english foreign language online reading context. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 41, 715–720. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.5.715.
Islam, M., Lamb, M., & Chambers, G. (2013). The L2 Motivational Self System and National Interest: a Pakistani perspective. System, 41, 231–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2013.01.025.
Iwaniec, J. (2014). Motivation of pupils from southern Poland to learn English. System, 45, 67–78. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2014.05.003.
Kagan, S., & Kagan, M. (2009). Kagan Cooperative Learning. San Clemente, CA: Kagan Publishing. Kapica-Curzytek, J. (2003). Zagadnienie dialogu kultur w nauczaniu języków obcych [The question of the dialogue between cultures in foreign languages instruction]. Języki Obce w Szkole, 6, 30–33.
Kim, J., & Choi, J. (2014). English for University Administrative Work: English Officialization Policy and Foreign Language Learning. English Language Teaching, 7, 1–13.
Kim, T. Y., & Kim, Y. K. (2015). Elderly Korean learners’ participation in English learning through lifelong education: Focusing on motivation and demotivation. Educational Gerontology, 41, 120–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2014.929345.
Komorowska, H. (2001). Metodyka nauczania języków obcych [Methodology of foreign language instruction]. Warszawa: Fraszka Edukacyjna.
Komorowska, H. (2009). Metodyka nauczania języków obcych [Methodology of foreign language teaching]. Warszawa: Fraszka Edukacyjna.
Kondrat, D. (2015). Metody pracy z dziećmi w przedszkolu [Methods of work with children in a kindergarten]. Języki Obce w Szkole, 1, 71–76.
Kormos, J., Kiddle, T., & Csizér, K. (2011). Systems of goals, attitudes, and self-related beliefs in secondlanguage-learning motivation. Applied Linguistics, 32, 495–516. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amr019.
Kruk, M. (2016a). Temporal Fluctuations in Foreign Language Motivation: Results of a Longitudinal Study. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 4, 1–17.
Kruk, M. (2016b). Variations in Motivation, Anxiety and Boredom in Learning English in Second Life. The Eurocall Review, 24, 25–39.
Lahuerta, A. C. (2014). Factors Affecting Willingness to Communicate in a Spanish University Context. International Journal of English Studies, 14, 39–55.
Lamb, M. (2004). Integrative Motivation in a Globalizing World. System: An International Journal of Educational Technology and Applied Linguistics, 32, 3–19.
Lamb, M. (2012). A Self System Perspective on Young Adolescents’ Motivation to Learn English in Urban and Rural Settings. Language Learning, 62, 997–1023.
Lei, L. W., & Huang, C. F. (2012). Learning english through musicals: a case study of social economically disadvantaged aboriginal students in Eastern Taiwan. International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing, 6, 204–210. https://doi.org/10.3366/ ijhac.2012.0049.
Li, Q. (2014). Differences in the Motivation of Chinese Learners of English in a Foreign and Second Language Context. System: An International Journal of Educational Technology and Applied Linguistics, 42, 451–461.
Liu, M. (2011). Current language attitudes of mainland Chinese university students. College Student Journal, 45, 851–861.
Łockiewicz, M., Sarzała-Przybylska, Z., & Lipowska, M. (2018). Early Predictors of Learning a Foreign Language in Pre-school – Polish as a First Language, English as a Foreign Language. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1813. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01813.
Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41, 954–969. https://doi. org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.9.954.
Masgoret, A. M., & Gardner, R. C. (2003). Attitudes, Motivation, and Second Language Learning: a Meta-Analysis of Studies Conducted by Gardner and Associates. Language Learning, 53, 167–210. https:// doi.org/10.1111/1467-9922.00227.
Muir, C., & Dörnyei, Z. (2013). Directed Motivational Currents: Using Vision to Create Effective Motivational Pathways. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 3, 357–375.
Nakata, Y. (2006). Motivation and Experience in Foreign Language Learning. Bern: Peter Lang.
Ning, H., & Hornby, G. (2014). The impact of cooperative learning on tertiary EFL learners’ motivation. Educational Review, 66, 108–124. https://doi. org/10.1080/00131911.2013.853169.
Noels, K. A., Pelletier, L. G., Clément, R., & Vallerand, R. J. (2003). Why Are You Learning a Second Language? Motivational Orientations and Self-Determination Theory. Language Learning, 53, 33–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9922.53223.
Obuchowska, I. (2001). Adolescencja [Adolescence]. In B. Harwas-Napierała & J. Trempała (Eds.), Psychologia rozwoju człowieka. Charakterystyka okresów życia człowieka [Psychology of human development. Characteristics of the stages in human development] (pp. 163–201). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Olpińska-Szkiełko, M. (2015). Lingwistyczne podstawy uczenia języków obcych na etapie przedszkolnym [Linguistic Fundamentals of Second/ Foreign Languages Teaching at Pre-School Level]. Linguodidactica, 19, 199–212.
Pawlak, M. (2012). The Dynamic Nature of Motivation in Language Learning: a Classroom Perspective. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2, 249–278.
Rubenfeld, S., Sinclair, L., & Clément, R. (2007). Second language learning and acculturation: The role of motivation and goal content congruence. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 10, 308–322.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003- 066X.55.1.68.
Scott, K. W., Bell, S. M., & McCallum, R. S. (2009). Relation of Native-Language Reading and Spelling Abilities to Attitudes Toward Learning a Second Language. Preventing School Failure, 54, 30–40.
Sparks, R. L., Patton, J., Ganschow, L., Humbach, N., & Javorsky, J. (2006). Native language predictors of foreign language proficiency and foreign language aptitude. Annals of Dyslexia, 56, 129–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-006-0006-2.
Triandis, H. C. (2018). Individualism and collectivism. New York: Routledge.
Ushioda, E., & Dörnyei, Z. (2009). Motivation, language identities and the L2 self: a theoretical overview. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (pp. 1–8). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Uszyńska-Jarmoc, J., & Żak, M. (2013). The first schoolbook – the tool of reproducing culture by the child or the tool of child’s participation in culture? Contribution to a double special issue on Early literacy research in Poland, edited by Elżbieta Awramiuk and Grażyna Krasowicz-Kupis. L1-Educational Studies in Language and Literature, 13, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.17239/L1ESLL-2013.01.06.
Vibulphol, J. (2016). Students’ Motivation and Learning and Teachers’ Motivational Strategies in English Classrooms in Thailand. English Language Teaching, 9, 64–75.
Yashima, T. (2002). Willingness to Communicate in a Second Language: The Japanese EFL Context. Modern Language Journal, 86, 54–66.
Yashima, T., Zenuk-Nishide, L., & Shimizu, K. (2004). The Influence of Attitudes and Affect on Willingness to Communicate and Second Language Communication. Language Learning, 54, 119–152.
Zhang, Y., Lin, C. H., Zhang, D., & Choi, Y. (2017). Motivation, Strategy, and English as a Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning: a Structural Equation Modelling Study. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 57–74.
Żylińska, M. (2003). Podejście interkulturowe, czyli o konieczności zmian w nauczaniu języków obcych [Intercultural approach, or how we must change the way in we teach foreign languages]. Języki Obce w Szkole, 6, 49–62.