Performing developmental tasks in emerging adults with childhood parentification – insights from literature

Autor

  • Judyta Borchet Uniwersytet Gdański
  • Aleksandra Lewandowska-Walter Uniwersytet Gdański
  • Teresa Rostowska Uniwersytet Gdański

Słowa kluczowe:

retrospective parentification, young adults, reversing family roles, social roles

Abstrakt

Parentification is the process of role reversal between the child and the parent, whereby the child provides support and acts as the caregiver for the parent, instead of being supported and taken care of. The phenomenon of parentification may afflict families at diverse stages of development, including those before as well as after the phase of empty nest. Parentification may then pertain a threat to the development of a young person by impeding or preventing him or her from fulfilling developmental tasks. Furthermore, it can be a distracting factor in his/her future role as a partner, parent, or employee. The purpose of this review is to examine the current literature concerning the effects of retrospective parentification on young adults’ difficulties in performing developmental tasks and roles.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Bibliografia

Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469–480.

Arnett, J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Arnett, J. J. (2006). The psychology of emerging adulthood: What is known and what remains to be known. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 303–330). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

Bańka, A. (2005). Jakość życia a jakość rozwoju. Społeczny kontekst płci, aktywności i rodziny [The quality of life and the quality of development. Social context of sex, activity and family]. In A. Bańka (Ed.), Psychologia jakości życia [Quality of life psychology] (pp. 11–78). Poznań: Stowarzyszenie Psychologia i Architektura.

Barbaro de, B. (1994). Wprowadzenie do systemowego rozumienia rodziny [Introduction to understanding the family system theory]. Kraków: Collegium Medicum UJ.

Barnett, B., & Parker, G. (1998). The parentified child: early competence or childhood deprivation? Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review, 3, 146–155.

Baumann, Z. (2008). Wspólnota. W poszukiwaniu bezpieczeństwa w niepewnym świecie [Community. In search of safety in insecure world]. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie.

Birch, A. (2005). Psychologia rozwojowa w zarysie [Developmental psychology in brief]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

Black, B. T., & Sleigh, M. J. (2013). Relations among parentification, parenting beliefs, and parenting behaviors. Journal of Student Research, 2, 52–57.

Borchet, J., & Lewandowska-Walter, A. (2017). Parentification – its direction and perceived benefits in terms of connections with late adolescents’ emotional regulation in the situation of marital conflict. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 5, 113–122. DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2017.66092

Boszormenyi-Nagy, I., & Spark, G. (1973). Invisible loyalties. New York: Harper and Row.

Bowen, M. (1987). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York: Jason Aronson.

Burton, L. (2007). Childhood adultification in economically disadvantaged families: A conceptual model. Family Relations, 56, 329–345.

Byng-Hall, J. (2008). The significance of children fulfilling parental roles: implications for family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 30, 147–162.

Chase, N. (1999). An overview of theory, research, and societal issues. In N. Chase (Ed.), Burdened children (pp. 3–33). New York: The Guilford Press.

Chase, N., Demming, M., & Wells, M. (1998). Parentification, parental alcoholism, and academic status among young adults. American Journal of Family Therapy, 25, 105–114.

Cicchetti, D. (2004). An odyssey of discovery: Lessons learned through three decades of research on child maltreatment. American Psychologist, 59, 731–741.

Erikson, E. (1963). Childhood and Society. New York: Norton.

Erikson, E. (1968). Identity, youth and crisis. New York: Norton.

Fullinwider-Bush, N., & Jacobvitz, D. B. (1993). The transition to young adulthood: Generational boundary dissolution and female identity development. Family Process, 32, 87–103.

Gladstone, B. M., Boydell, C. M., & McKeever, P. (2006). Recasting research into children’s experiences of parental mental illness: Beyond risk and resilience. Social Science and Medicine, 62, 2540–2550.

Gurba, E. (2002). Wczesna dorosłość [Early adulthood]. In B. Harwas-Napierała & J. Trempała (Eds.), Psychologia rozwoju człowieka [Psychology of human development] (pp. 202–233). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

Haxhe, S. (2016). Parentification and related processes: Distinction and implications for clinical practice. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 27, 185–199. DOI: 10.1080/08975353.2016.1199768

Hooper, L. M. (2007). The application of attachment theory and family systems theory to the phenomena of parentification. The Family Journal, 15, 217–223.

Hooper, L. M., Marotta, S. A., & Lanthier, R. P. (2008). Predictors of growth and distress following childhood parentification: A retrospective exploratory study. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 17, 693705. DOI: 10.1007/s10826-007-9184-8

Hooper, L. M., & Wallace, S. A. (2010). Evaluating the Parentification Questionnaire: psychometric properties and psychopathology correlates. Contemporary Family Therapy, 32, 52–68.

Hooper, L. M., Doehler, K., & Hannah, N. J. (2011a). The Parentification Inventory: development, validation and cross-validation. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 39, 226–241.

Hooper, L. M., DeCoster, J., White, N., & Voltz, M. L. (2011b). Characterizing the magnitude of the relation between parentification and psychopathology: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67, 1028–1043.

Hooper, L. M. (2014). Assessing parentification in South American college students: a factor analytic study of a Spanish version of the Parentification Inventory. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 42, 93–106.

Jurkovic, G. J. (1997). The plight of the parentified child. New York, NY: Brunner Mazel.

Jurkovic, G. J., Kuperminc, G. P., Perilla, J., Murphy, A. D., Ibanez, G., & Casey, S. (2004). The role of filial responsibility and cultural ecological processes in school and social adjustment of immigrant Latino adolescents. Journal of Primary Prevention, 25, 81–104.

Klein, D., & White, J. (1996). Family theories. An introduction. London: Sage Publications.

Kuperminc, G. P., Jurkovic, G. J. & Casey, S. (2009). Relation of filial responsibility to the personal and social adjustment of Latino adolescents from immigrant families. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 14–22.

Lackie, B. (1982). Family correlates of career achievement in social work. Ph.D. dissertation, Rutgers University.

Lackie, B. (1983). The families of origin of social workers. Clinical Social Work Journal, 11, 309–322.

Macfie, J., McElwain, N. L., Houts, R. M., & Cox, M. J. (2005). Intergenerational transmission of the role reversal between parent and child: Dyadic and family systems internal working models. Attachment & Human Development, 7, 51–65. DOI: 10.1080/14616730500039663

Namysłowska, I. (2011). Terapia rodzin [Family therapy]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Instytutu Psychiatrii i Neurologii.

Nuttall, A. K., Valentino, K., & Brokowski, J. G. (2012). Maternal history of parentification, maternal warm responsiveness, and children’s externalization behavior. Journal of Family Psychology, 26, 767–775.

Obuchowska, I. (2002). Adolescencja [Adolescence]. In B. Harwas-Napierała & J. Trempała (Eds.). Psychologia rozwoju człowieka [Psychology of human development] (pp. 163–201). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

Peplińska, A., & Rostowska, T. (2013). Quality of life and relations between work and family. Acta Neuropsychologica, 11, 77–92.

Radziwiłłowicz, W. (2015). Pomiędzy opuszczeniem, bezpieczną więzią a więzami. Wzorce przywiązania jako kontekst procesu separacji – indywiduacji w okresie dorastania. [Attachment patterns as the contexts of the separation – individualization process during adolescence]. In W. Radziwiłłowicz & A. Jarmołowska (Eds.), Adolescencja. Wybrane zagadnienia kliniczne i terapeutyczne [Adolescence. Selected clinical and therapeutic issues] (pp. 31–49). Kraków: Biblioteka Psychiatrii Polskiej.

Rostowska, T. (2008). Małżeństwo, rodzina, praca a jakość życia [Marriage, family, work and quality of life]. Kraków: Wydawnictwo IMPULS.

Rostowska, T., & Borchet, J. (2016). Proces parentyfikacji w kontekście teorii systemowej [The process of parentification in the context of family systems theory]. Roczniki Pedagogiczne, 8, 5–21.

Schier, K. (2010). „Gdy dziecko staje się rodzicem” – odwrócona troska, czyli zjawisko parentyfikacji w rodzinie [‘When the child becomes the parent’ – reversed care, the phenomenon of parentification in the family]. In B. Tryjarska (Ed.), Bliskość w rodzinie. Więzi w dzieciństwie a zaburzenia w dorosłości [Closeness in the family. Ties in childhood and adulthood disorders] (pp. 63–80). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.

Schier, K. (2014). Dorosłe dzieci. Psychologiczna problematyka odwrócenia ról w rodzinie [The adult children. Psychological problem of reversing roles in the family]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.

Shaffer, A., & Egeland, B. (2011). Intergenerational transmission of family boundary dissolution: Observations and psychosocial outcomes in adolescence. Family Relations: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies, 60, 290–302. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2011.00653.x

Shaffer, A., & Madden, A. R. (2016). The relation between parentification and dating communication: the role of romantic attachment-related cognitions. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, for Couples and Families, 1-6. DOI: 10.1177/1066480716648682

Sęk, H., Ścigała, I., Beisert, M., & Bleja, A. (1992). Subiektywne koncepcje zdrowia. Wybrane uwarunkowania [Subjective ideas of health. Selected conditions]. Przegląd Psychologiczny, 3, 351–363.

Wells, M., Glickauf-Hughes, C., & Jones, R. (1999). Codependency: a grass roots construct’s relationship to shame-proneness, lower self-esteem, and childhood parentification. American Journal of Family Therapy, 27, 63–71.

Willi, J. (2014). Związek dwojga [Couple relationships]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Fundament.

Wojciechowska, L. (2011). Praktyczna wiedza o rozwoju życia rodzinnego [Practical knowledge about family life development]. In J. Trempała (Ed.), Psychologia rozwoju człowieka [Psychology of human development] (pp. 395–406). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

Wolska, M. (2000). Rodzinna lojalność [Family loyalty]. In B. Kosek-Nita & D. Raś (Eds.), Kontakty z ludźmi ‘innymi’ jako problem wychowania, opieki i resocjalizacji [Contacts with those who are ‘different’ as a matter of education, care and resocialization] (pp. 49–60). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.

Zawadzka, A. M., & Lewandowska-Walter, A. (2016). Rola wartości i stylów przywiązania w kształtowaniu samooceny i materializmu nastolatków [The role of values and attachment styles in shaping self-esteem and materialism in adolescents]. Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 21, 394–409.

Ziółkowska, B. (2005). Okres wczesnej dorosłości. Jak rozpoznać potencjał młodych dorosłych? [Early adulthood. How to recognize the young adults potential?]. In A. I. Brzezińska (Ed.), Psychologiczne portrety człowieka. Praktyczna psychologia rozwojowa [Psychological portraits of a man. Practical developmental psychology] (pp. 423–468). Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.

Opublikowane

2018-07-10

Jak cytować

Borchet, J., Lewandowska-Walter, A., & Rostowska, T. (2018). Performing developmental tasks in emerging adults with childhood parentification – insights from literature. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 6(3), 242–251. Pobrano z https://czasopisma.bg.ug.edu.pl/index.php/CIiPP/article/view/8113

Numer

Dział

Artykuły