Uniwersyteckie Czasopisma NaukoweStrength of excitation and insomnia as mediated by mood dimensions
Słowa kluczowe:
adults, insomnia, mood, strength of excitationAbstrakt
Background
The main goal of our study was to demonstrate the relationship between the strength of excitation (SE) as one of the basic central nervous system (CNS) properties and insomnia, and to determine the role of the mood components as mediators of this relationship. We hypothesized that SE directly and indirectly via arousal-related mood dimensions may be related to insomnia.
Participants and procedure
The study involved 149 people, 85 women and 64 men, aged 18 to 60 (M = 30.11, SD = 11.43) selected from the general population using snowball sampling. The basic properties of the CNS were diagnosed using Pavlovian Temperament Survey. Mood was assessed using the Polish adaptation of UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist. To evaluate insomnia symptoms Athens Insomnia Scale in its Polish adaptation was used.
Results
SE negatively correlated with insomnia (no significant correlations between strength of inhibition and mobility and insomnia). All CNS properties positively correlated with hedonic tone (HT) and energetic arousal (EA), and negatively with tense arousal (TA) as mood dimensions. HT and EA were negatively correlated with insomnia but TA positively correlated with insomnia. Both EA and TA served as mediators in the relationship between SE and insomnia.
Conclusions
The results indicated the relationship between SE and insomnia as well as between SE and EA and TA as mood dimensions related to arousal. Mediation analysis suggests that both EA and TA may serve as mediators of the relationship between SE and insomnia. However, the results of the mediation analysis require careful interpretation.
Downloads
Bibliografia
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). APA Publishing.
Baglioni, C., Spiegelhalder, K., Lombardo, C., & Riemann, D. (2010). Sleep and emotions: a focus on insomnia. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 14, 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.007.
Bodunov, M. V. (1993). Studies on temperament in Russia: After Teplov and Nebylitsyn. European Journal of Personality, 7, 299–311. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2410070503.
Buysse, D. J., Germain, A., Hall, M., Monk, T. H., & Nofzinger, E. A. (2011). A neurobiological model of insomnia. Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models, 8, 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ddmod.2011.07.002.
Calkins, A. W., Hearon, B. A., Capozzoli, M. C., & Otto, M. W. (2013). Psychosocial predictors of sleep dysfunction: The role of anxiety sensitivity, dysfunctional beliefs, and neuroticism. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 11, 133–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/15402002.2011.643968.
Fornal-Pawłowska, M., Wołyńczyk-Gmaj, D., & Szelenberger, W. (2011). Walidacja Ateńskiej Skali Bezsenności [Validation of the Polish version of the Athens Insomnia Scale]. Psychiatria Polska, 45, 211–221.
Goryńska, E. (2005). Przymiotnikowa skala nastroju UMACL G. Matthewsa, A. G. Chamberlaina, D. M. Jonesa [The UMACL Mood Adjective Checklist by G. Matthews, A. G. Chamberlain and D. M. Jones]. Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych PTP.
Gurtman, C. G., McNicol, R., & McGillivray, J. A. (2014). The role of neuroticism in insomnia. Clinical Psychologist, 18, 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/ cp.12029.
Harvey, A. G. (2002). A cognitive model of insomnia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 869–893. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00061-4.
Harvey, C. J., Gehrman, P., & Espie, C. A. (2014). Who is predisposed to insomnia: a review of familial aggregation, stress-reactivity, personality and coping style. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 18, 237–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2013.11.004.
Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
Jeronimus, B. F., Kotov, R., Riese, H., & Ormel, J. (2016). Neuroticism’s prospective association with mental disorders halves after adjustment for baseline symptoms and psychiatric history, but the adjusted association hardly decays with time: a meta-analysis on 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants. Psychological Medicine, 46, 2883–2906. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716001653.
Levenson, J. C., Kay, D. B., & Buysse, D. J. (2015). The pathophysiology of insomnia. Chest, 147, 1179– 1192. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-1617.
MacKinnon, D. P., Krull, J. L., & Lockwood, C. M. (2000). Equivalence of the mediation, confounding and suppression effect. Prevention Science, 1, 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1026595011371.
Matthews, G., Jones, D. M., & Chamberlain, A. G. (1990). Refining the measurement of mood: The UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist. British Journal of Psychology, 81, 17–42. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1990.tb02343.x.
Nebylitsyn, V. (1972). Fundamental properties of the human nervous system. Plenum.
Oniszczenko, W., Zawadzki, B., Strelau, J., Riemann, R., Angleitner, A., & Spinath, F. M. (2003). Genetic and environmental determinants of temperament: a comparative study based on Polish and German samples. European Journal of Personality, 17, 207– 220. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.472.
Oniszczenko, W., Rzeszutek, M., & Stanisławiak, E. (2019). Affective temperaments, mood, and insomnia symptoms in a non-clinical sample. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 17, 355–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/15402002.2017.1357121.
Oniszczenko, W., & Romsicka, M. (2020). Anxious temperament and mood as mediated by insomnia symptoms among male prisoners: a cross-sectional study. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 31, 779–794. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789 949.2020.1799055.
Palagini, L., Mauri, M., Dell’Osso, L., Riemann, D., & Drake, C. L. (2016). Trait- and pre-sleep-statedependent arousal in insomnia disorders: What role may sleep reactivity and sleep-related metacognitions play? A pilot study. Sleep Medicine, 25, 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2016.07.020.
Pavlov, I. P. (1928). Lectures on conditioned reflexes: Twenty-five years of objective study of the higher nervous activity (behaviour) of animals. Liverwright.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavioral Research Methods, 40, 879–891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879.
Riemann, D., Spiegelhalder, K., Feige, B., Voderholzer, U., Berger, M., Perlis, M., & Nissen, C. (2010). The hyperarousal model of insomnia: a review of the concept and its evidence. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 14, 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2009.04.002.
Schimmack, U., & Reisenzein, R. (2002). Experiencing activation: Energetic arousal and tense arousal are not mixtures of valence and activation. Emotion, 2, 412–417. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.2.4.412.
Schmidt, R. E., Harvey, A. G., & Van der Linden, M. (2011). Cognitive and affective control in insomnia. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 349. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00349.
Soldatos, C. R., Dikeos, D. G., & Paparrigopoulos, T. J. (2000). Athens Insomnia Scale: Validation of an instrument based on ICD-10 criteria. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 48, 555–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00095-7.
Strelau, J. (1983). Temperament – Personality – Activity. Academic Press.
Strelau, J. (1995). Temperament and stress: Temperament as a moderator of stressors, emotional states, coping, and costs. In C. D. Spielberger & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Stress and emotion: Anxiety, anger, and curiosity (Vol. 15, pp. 215–254). Taylor & Francis.
Strelau, J. (1997). The contribution of Pavlov’s typology of CNS properties to personality research. European Psychologist, 2, 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.2.2.125.
Strelau, J. (2001). Psychologia temperamentu [The psychology of temperament]. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Strelau, J. (2008). Temperament as a regulator of behavior. After fifty years of research. Werner.
Strelau, J., & Zawadzki, B. (1998). Kwestionariusz temperamentu PTS. Podręcznik [Pavlovian Temperament Survey. Manual] Pracownia Testów PTP.
Strelau, J., Angleitner, A., & Newberry, B. (1999). Pavlovian Temperament Survey (PTS). An international handbook. Hogrefe & Huber.
Strelau, J., Zawadzki, B., & Angleitner, A. (1995). Kwestionariusz temperamentu PTS: próba psychologicznej interpretacji podstawowych cech układu nerwowego według Pawłowa [Pavlovian Temperament Survey (PTS): an attempt at a psychological interpretation of the Pavlovian dimensions of basic nervous system properties]. Studia Psychologiczne, 33, 9–48.
Yeh, Z. T., Wung, S. K., & Lin, C. M. (2015). Pre-sleep arousal as a mediator of relationships among worry, rumination, and sleep quality. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 8, 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2015.8.1.21.
