Academic Scientific JournalsOne small step for e-voting, one giant leap for democracy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26881/jpgs.2020.1.01Keywords:
electronic voting, tolerance and non-discrimination, ODIHR’s (Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights), international organizations, the Republic of MoldovaAbstract
E-voting is the next step of the Republic of Moldova evolution. The article presents advantages of e-voting, all steps of using it, and its many types. Electronic voting refers to elections using electronic means. E-voting can be managed by phones, the Internet, private computer networks or special kiosks. Reasons for accepting this kind of voting are provided.
The analyzed in the article OSCE/ODIHR’s (Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights) activities which are related to tolerance and non-discrimination are focus on the following areas: legislation; law enforcement training; monitoring, reporting on, and following up on responses to hate-motivated crimes and incidents; as well as educational activities to promote tolerance, respect, and mutual understanding.
Conclusions from all ODIHR activities which are carried out in close co-ordination and co-operation with OSCE participating States, OSCE institutions and field operations, as well as with other international organizations are given.
Downloads
References
Barber B.R., 2003, Strong Democracy Participatory Politics for a New Age, University of California Press, Berkeley-Los Angeles-London.
Bellis M., 2000, The History of Voting Machines, Inventors.about.com (accessed 28 September).
Bonetti P., Ravaioli S., Piergallini S., 2000, The Italian academic community’s electronic voting system, Computer Networks, 34(6), 851–860. doi: 10.1016/S1389-1286(00)00156-0.
Branscomb L.M., 2007, Elections and the Future of E-voting: Editor’s Note, The Bridge, 37(2), 3–4.
Breuer F., Trechsel A.H., 2006, Report: E-Voting in the 2005 local elections in Estonia, eDemocracy Projects Council of Europe, https://www.coe.int/t/dgap/goodgovernance/Activities/E-voting/CoE_Studies/FinalReportCOE_EvotingEstonia2005_en.asp (accessed 28 September 2019).
Caltech/MIT, 2001, Voting Technology Project Voting: What Is and What Could Be, http:vote.caltech.edu, (accessed 28 September).
Cambridge Dictionary, Cambridge University Press, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ (accessed 10 September 2019).
Cheng V., 2019, Voting Integrity and American Democracy, https://www.academia.edu/39720699/Voting_Integrity_and_American_Democracy_2019_1_ (accessed 28 September 2019).
Chowdhury M.J., 2010, Comparison of e-voting schemes: Estonian and Norwegian solutions, http://courses.cs.ut.ee/2010/security-seminar-fall/uploads/Main/chowdhury-final.pdf (accessed 27 September 2019).
Council of Europe adopts new Recommendation on Standards for E-Voting, Council of Europe, 2017, https://www.coe.int/en/web/cm/news/-/asset_publisher/hwwluK1RCEJo/content/council-of-europe-adopts-new-recommendation-on-standards-for-e-voting/16695?inheritRedirect=false (accessed 3 September 2019).
Electronic Voting in the USA, http://www.bravenewballot.org/electronic-voting-in-usa/ (accessed 27 September 2019).
Hague B.N., Loader B. (eds.), 1999, Digital Democracy: Discourse and Decision-making in the Information Age, Routledge, New York.
Heller D.A., 2004, Certification of Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail Printer Completed, www.sos.state.nv.us (accessed 28 September).
Internet live stats, Moldova Internet Users, https://www.internetlivestats.com/internet-users/moldova/ (accessed 22 August 2019).
Khairul Anwar N., 2009, Advantages and Disadvantages of eVoting: The Estonian Experience, Nanyang Technological University, https://www.academia.edu/35246981/Advantages_and_Disadvantages_of_e-Voting_The_Estonian_Experience (accessed 27 September 2019)
Maaten E., 2004, Towards remote e-voting: Estonian case, [in:] Electronic Voting in Europe, 83–90, https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Towards-Remote-E-Voting%3A-Estonian-case-Maaten/ff4d0a77e7561e62fd0258280c0baa02d8256a03 (accessed 25 August 2019).
Market Evolution: mobile Internet Access. Chart 5. Evolution of the number of users (thousand) and penetration rates for mobile broadband, 2016, National Regulatory Agency for Electronic Communications and Information Technology of the Republic of Moldova, http://en.anrceti.md/Internet_mobil_BL#fig5 (accessed 21 August 2019).
Moldcell (one of the 3 mobile operators) reported over 21.000 users of M-signatures, 2012, http://www.egov.md/en/projects/mobile-signature (accessed 22 August 2019).
Musiał-Karg M., 2014, Electronic Voting Selected issues concerning implementation of a new tool of civic democratic participation, [in:] M. Mokrys, S. Badura, A. Lieskovsky (eds.), The 3rd Electronic International Interdisciplinary Conference, Proceedings in Electronic International Interdisciplinary Conference, EDIS – Publishing Institution of the University of Zilina, Zilina, 311–315.
Peste 900 de mii de moldoveni au conturi pe Facebook. Câţi dintre ei mai folosesc Odnoklassniki (Eng. Over 900 thousands Moldovans have Facebook accounts. How many of them use odnoklassniki), 2018, Publika, https://www.publika.md/peste-900-de-mii-de-moldoveni-au-conturipe-facebook-cati-dintre-ei-mai-folosesc-odnoklassniki_2995222.html (accessed 9 September 2019).
Statistics about Internet Voting in Estonia, Estonian National Electoral Committee, https://www.valimised.ee/en/archive/statistics-about-internet-voting-estonia (accessed 25 September 2019).
Taghavi T., Bafghi A.G., Kahani M., 2007, An Electronic Voting Scheme through Blind Signature, [in:] 12th International CSI Computer Conference (CSICC’07), https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bc81/b813724d94858b85ccd13e5135a91bd45ebb.pdf (accessed 29 October 2019).
Tarasov P., Tewari H., 2017, The Future of E-voting, IADIS International Journal on Computer Science and Information Systems, 12(2), 148–165.
The Constitutionality of Electronic Voting in Germany, 2009, NDI – National Democratic Institute, https://www.ndi.org/e-voting-guide/examples/constitutionality-of-electronic-voting-germany (accessed 22 August 2019).
Vino cu propuneri la Planul de acțiuni pentru o Guvernare Deschisă (Eng. Come up with proposals for the open Governance Actions Plan), 2016, Agenţia de Guvernare Electronică, http://www.egov.md/ro/communication/news/vino-cu-propuneri-la-planul-de-actiuni-pentru-oguvernare-deschisa (accessed 12 September 2019).
Wolf P., Nackerdien R., Tuccinardi D., 2011, Introducing Electronic Voting: Essential Considerations, International IDEA Publication Office, Stockholm
