Academic Scientific JournalsRussian information campaign against Georgia: after the war in August 2008: goals, narratives and actors
Keywords:
Russian-Georgian War in August 2008, Information Warfare, Post-Soviet Space, “Soft Power”, Hybrid WarAbstract
The article aims to reveal the main components of Russia’s information campaign against Georgia after the end of the Russian-Georgian war in August 2008 in the context of the use of “soft power”. The article shows the growing influence of the available means and instruments of Russia’s “soft power”, the main ones being non-governmental organizations and groups that promote the ideas of Eurasianism, hold joint Russian-Georgian events and meetings, and, as a result, promote anti-Western sentiment in Georgia. The main goal of Russia’s “soft power” in Georgia is to create a friendly and positive image of Russia and to convince society of the only correct pro-Russian course of Georgia. The main research methods are: system-structural, generalization, historical-genetic, chronological and structural-functional analysis. Chronological framework of the study - 2008-2015. The results of the study can form a theoretical basis for the formation and implementation of various methods of counteracting the information and psychological influence of the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet space.
Downloads
References
Archil Chkoidze: Evrazijskij soyuz polezen dlya Gruzii (2015), Eho Kavkaza. 12.08.2015. URL: https://www.ekhokavkaza.com/a/27185114.html (Accessed 05.01.2020).
Bachiashvili, Nato (2010), Culture, education, science and public relations as mechanisms of Russia’s «soft power» implementation. In: Pkhaladze T. (ed.) «Soft power» – the new concept of the Russian foreign policy toward Georgia. Postwar period of the August 2008 war. International Centre for Geopolitical Studies Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Tbilisi: Mtatsmindeli Publishing House.
Dannye o Missii (2008), EU Monitoring Mission in Georgia. URL: https://www.eumm.eu/ru/ about_eumm (Accessed 24.10.2020)
Darczewska, Jolanta (2014), Anatomia Rosyjskiej Wojny Informacyjnej. Warszawa: Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia.
Dugin, Aleksandr (2009), Chetvertaya Politicheskaya Teoriya. Rossiya i Politicheskie Idei XXI Veka. Sankt-Peterburg: Amfora.
Dzvelishvili, Nata, Kupreishvili, Tazo (2015), Russian Influence on Georgian NGOs and Media. June, 2015. Tbilisi. Damoukidebloba.com URL: https://idfi.ge/public/upload/russanimpactongeorgianmediadaNGO.pdf (Accessed 30.11.2020).
Gazeta.ru (2015), Dmitriy Enteo dopustil, chto Putin mozhet stat bogom, 07.09.2015. URL: https://www.gazeta.ru/social/news/2015/09/07/n_7563125.shtml (Accessed 30.11.2020).
Gerasimov, Valeriy (2013), Tsennost nauki v predvidenii, Voenno-promyshlennyy kurer, Issue № 8 (476) 26.02.2013. URL: https://www.vpk-news.ru/articles/14632 (Accessed 30.11.2020).
Gruzino-Rossijskij obshestvennyj centr imeni E.M. Primakova (2013), Fond Gorchakova. URL: https://gorchakovfund.ru/centers/georgia/ (Accessed 25.11.2020).
Hollis, David (2011), Cyberwar Case Study: Georgia 2008. Small Wars Journal. URL: http:// smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/cyberwar-case-study-georgia-2008 (Accessed 30.11.2020).
Information portal of «Russkiy mir» foundation (2009), Tretya Assambleya Russkogo mira. 03.11.2009. URL: https://russkiymir.ru/fund/assembly/the-third-assembly-of-the-russian-world/ (Accessed 30.11.2020).
Intelligence Chief: Russia Wants to Undermine Georgia from Within (2009) Civil Georgia. 20 March 2009. URL: https://old.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=20587 (Accessed 17.10.2020).
Judah, Ben (2013), Fragile Empire. How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin. Newhaven and London: Yale University Press.
Julukhidze, Grigol (2018), Russian propaganda – goals, narratives and actors. Expert opinion 104. Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. URL: https://www.gfsis. org/files/library/opinion-papers/104-expert-opinion-eng.pdf (Accessed 30.11.2020).
Kakachiya, Korneli (2014), Yavlyaetsya li gruzinskaya pravoslavnaya cerkov prepyatstviem na puti k evropejskim cennostyam? PONARS Eurasia. 19.06.2014. URL: https://www.ponarseurasia.org/7051/ (Accessed 16.05.2020).
Meister, Stefan (2016), Isolation and Propaganda: Roots and Instruments of Russia’s Disinformation Campaign. New York: Transatlantic Academy. Nauchnoe obshestvo kavkazovedov (2010), URL: http://www.kavkazoved.info/articles/ about-us.html (Accessed 25.10.2020.)
«Neizvestnyj Putin» - v Tbilisi sostoyalas prezentaciya novoj knigi (2013), Gruzinform. 10.10.2013. URL: http://ru.gruzinform.ge/news/14882/-neizvestnij-putin---v-tbilisi-sostoAlasi-prezentaciA-novoj-knigi.html (Accessed 23.10.2020).
Nye, Joseph (2004), Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs. Obrashenie ispolnitelnogo direktora (2010), Fond Gorchakova. URL: https://gorchakovfund. ru/about/appeal/ (Accessed 15.11.2020).
Obshestvo Irakliya Vtorogo otkryvaet v Gruzii besplatnye kursy russkogo yazyka (2013), Informacionnyj portal fonda «Russkij mir». URL: https://russkiymir.ru/fund/press/82592/ (Accessed 18.11.2020).
Organizaciya po vosstanovleniyu otnoshenij s Rossiej sozdana v Gruzii (2009), Kavkazskij Uzel. 14.01.2009. URL: https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/vosstanovlenie-sviazej/ (Accessed 19.11.2020).
Panarin, Igor (2012), Vtoraya Mirovaya Informatsionnaya Voyna – Voyna Protiv Rossii. Km.ru. 10.01.2012. URL: www.km.ru/node/631035/c (Accessed 30.11.2020).
“Pervyy kavkazskiy” nachal veshchat iz Gruzii na territoriyu Rossii (2010), Newsru.com. 18.01.2010. URL: https://www.newsru.com/world/18jan2010/1kavkaztv.html (Accessed 30.11.2020).
Peskov: Putin yavlyaetsya garantom bezopasnosti russkogo mira (2014), Vzglyad. 07.03.2014. URL: https://vz.ru/news/2014/3/7/676150.html (Accessed 30.11.2020).
Pkhaladze, Tengiz (2010a), The «compatriot protection» policy of the Russian Federation and consular policy toward Georgia. In: Pkhaladze T. (ed.) «Soft power» – the new concept of the Russian foreign policy toward Georgia. Postwar period of the August 2008 war. International Centre for Geopolitical Studies Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Tbilisi: Mtatsmindeli Publishing House.
Pkhaladze, Tengiz (2010b), The Concept of Russian «Soft Power» and Main Objectives in Georgia. In: Pkhaladze T. (ed.) «Soft power» – the new concept of the Russian foreign policy toward Georgia. Postwar period of the August 2008 war. International Centre for Geopolitical Studies Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Tbilisi: Mtatsmindeli Publishing House.
Pkhaladze, Tengiz & Devdariani, Nana (2010), «Public Dialogue» and Russia’s «Soft Power». In: Pkhaladze T. (ed.) «Soft power» – the new concept of the Russian foreign policy toward Georgia. Postwar period of the August 2008 war. International Centre for Geopolitical Studies Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Tbilisi: Mtatsmindeli Publishing House.
Pkhaladze Tengiz & Sharashenidze, Tornike (2010), Russia at the Geneva Talks. In: Pkhaladze T. (ed.) «Soft power» – the new concept of the Russian foreign policy toward Georgia. Postwar period of the August 2008 war. International Centre for Geopolitical Studies Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Tbilisi: Mtatsmindeli Publishing House.
Pomerantsev, Peter & Weiss, Michael (2015), The Menace of Unreality. New York: Digital City Services, LLC.
President of Russia website (2014), Obrashchenie Prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 18.03.2014. URL: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/20603 (Accessed 30.11.2020).
Putin, Vladimir (2012), Rossiya i Menyayushchiysya Mir. Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 27.02.2012. URL: www.rg.ru/2012/02/27/putin-politika.html (Accessed 30.11.2020).
Rondeli, Alexander (2014), Moscow’s information campaign and Georgia. Expert opinion 29. Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. URL: https://www.gfsis.org/ files/library/opinion-papers/29-expert-opinion-eng.pdf (Accessed 30.11.2020).
Samadashvili, Salome (2015), Muzzling the Bear: Strategic Defense for Russia’s Undeclared Information War on Europe. Brussels: Martens Centre.
Shakarian, Paulo (2011), The 2008 Russian Cyber Campaign Against Georgia. Military Review URL: https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/military-review/Archives/English/ MilitaryReview_20111231_art013.pdf (Accessed 30.11.2020).
Sharashenidze, Tornike (2010a), Russia’s Policy in the OSCE. In: Pkhaladze T. (ed.) «Soft power» – the new concept of the Russian foreign policy toward Georgia. Postwar period of the August 2008 war. International Centre for Geopolitical Studies Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Tbilisi: Mtatsmindeli Publishing House.
Sharashenidze Tornike (2010b), Russian policy in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Pkhaladze In: Pkhaladze T. (ed.) «Soft power» – the new concept of the Russian foreign policy toward Georgia. Postwar period of the August 2008 war. International Centre for Geopolitical Studies Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Tbilisi: Mtatsmindeli Publishing House.
Shchedrovitskiy, Petr (2006), Russkiy mir i Transnatsionalnoe russkoe. Tsentr gumanitarnykh tekhnologiy. 28.08.2006. URL: https://gtmarket.ru/laboratory/expertize/2006/2508 (Accessed 30.11.2020).
Tarhanova, Zhanna (2013), Vse spisali na prezidentov. Eho Kavkaza. 19.02.2013. URL: https://www.ekhokavkaza.com/a/24906986.html (Accessed 19.04.2020).
The centre for cultural relations Caucasian House (2015), URL: http://caucasianhouse.ge/ en/ (Accessed 17.09.2020).
Tsatsanashvili, Mariam (2010), Russian Media and Georgia. In: Pkhaladze T. (ed.) «Soft power» – the new concept of the Russian foreign policy toward Georgia. Postwar period of the August 2008 war. International Centre for Geopolitical Studies Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Tbilisi: Mtatsmindeli Publishing House.
Vojtíšková, Vladislava & Novotný, Vít (2016), The Bear in Sheep’s Clothing – Russia’s Government Funded Organizations in the EU. Brussels: Martens Centre.
Volski, Giorgi (2010), Termination of UN Observer Mission. In: Pkhaladze T. (ed.) «Soft power» – the new concept of the Russian foreign policy toward Georgia. Postwar period of the August 2008 war. International Centre for Geopolitical Studies Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Tbilisi: Mtatsmindeli Publishing House.
