The Mass Migrations and the End of Democratic Europe

Abstract

In the last decade, radical political movements became an important threat to European democracies in the conditions of decline on the popularity of main political ideological parties all across the Europe. Especially nationalist radical movements seem to become more popular among the citizens after they took over a Euro sceptical message and a radical message against minorities or immigrants from the populist parties. The extremist message of these parties or radical movements is almost the same even they are located in different countries or cultures. A radical message of a Christian Orthodox culture Golden Dawn in Greece is similar to a Catholic and Protestant culture the Magyar Hajnal (Hungarian Dawns) in Hungary – or the Progress Party from Norway – a more secular culture than religious based.  

My paper is focused on the origins of these parties in Europe and their radical message against immigrants or social/ethnic minorities. We argue that such parties can succeed over the long term only when they both 1) build on pre-existing nationalist organizations and networks and 2) face a permissive rather than repressive political environment. Those parties develop themselves on a fertile ground of far right wing populism and assume a very narrow to the fascist discourse of the beginning of the 20th century in order to contest the economic and democratic order. By adding factors such as historical legacies, party organization, and interactions between mainstream parties and far-right challengers to the study of radical right parties, we can better understand their divergent trajectories.