Uniwersyteckie Czasopisma NaukowePeculiarities of Observing the Principle of Gender Equality During Local Elections in Ukraine
Słowa kluczowe:
gender equality, elections, local authorities, gender quotas, UkraineAbstrakt
The article analyses the peculiarities of the observance of the principle of gender equality during local elections in Ukraine. The authors noted the international legal regulation of the principle of gender equality, the peculiarities of the regulation of this issue in the electoral legislation, and showed the basis on which local elections in Ukraine take place. Based on the analysis of local elections in Ukraine, the peculiarities of observing the principle of gender equality in electoral practice are shown. A comparative analysis of the features of the application of gender quoting during local elections in 2015 and 2020 and their impact on the level of gender representation in local government bodies in Ukraine was carried out. The authors come to the conclusion that the legislative regulation of gender equality in elections has its place, but it should be supplemented by the formation of a high level of electoral culture of voters, for which gender equality during elections should become the norm of social and political life.
Downloads
Bibliografia
Balanced participation of women and men in political and public decision-making, (2003), Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe [online; accessed 2022-09-15]. Available from WWW: https://rm.coe.int/1680519084.
Code of Good Practice in Election Matters, (2002), Venice Commission [online; accessed 2022- 09-13]. Available from WWW:https://rm.coe.int/090000168092af01.
Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters: Guidelines and Explanatory Report (2002). Venice Commission [online; accessed 2022-09-15]. Available from WWW: https://www.venice.coe. int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-AD(2002)023rev2-cor-e.
Code of Good Practice in the Field of Political Parties, (2008), Venice Commission [online; accessed 2022-09-18]. Available from WWW: https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2009)002-e.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, (1979), UN [online; accessed 2022-09-17]. Available from WWW:https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-elimination-all-forms-discrimination-against-women.
Convention on the Political Rights of Women, (1952), UN [online; accessed 2022-09-17]. Available from WWW: https://treaties.un.org/doc/treaties/1954/07/19540707%2000-40%20 am/ch_xvi_1p.pdf.
Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, (1950), Council of Europe [online; accessed 2022-09-10]. Available from WWW: https://www.eods.eu/ library/CoE_European%20Convention%20for%20the%20Protection%20of%20Human%20 Rights%20and%20Fundamental%20Freedoms_1950_EN.pdf.
Declaration on women’s participation in elections, (2006), Venice Commission [online; accessed 2022-09-12]. Available from WWW: https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2006)020-e.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, (1966), UN [online; accessed 2022-09-15]. Available from WWW: https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/ instruments/international-covenant-economic-social-and-cultural-rights.
Kharkivska miska rada. Vyborchi spysky kandydativ v bahatomandatnomu vyborchomu okruzi, (2015), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-11-28]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20170602092723/http:// www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2015/PVM056?PID102=5914&PF7691=5914&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_t001f01=100.
Kharkivska miska rada. Vyborchi spysky kandydativ v bahatomandatnomu vyborchomu okruzi, (2020), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-11-28]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20220225063310/https:// cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2020/pvm056pid102=5914pf7691=64337pt001f01=695rej=0pt00_ t001f01=695.html.
Kharkivska miska rada. Obrani deputatamy rady u vyborchomu okruzi, (2015), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-11-25]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20170701174614/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/ vm2015/PVM057?PID112=30&PID102=5914&PF7691=5914&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_ t001f01=100.
Kharkivska miska rada. Obrani deputatamy rady u vyborchomu okruzi, (2020), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-11-30]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20220225065646if_/https://cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2020/ pvm057pid112=30pid102=5914pf7691=64337pt001f01=695rej=0pt00_t001f01=695.html.
Kharkivska oblasna rada. Vyborchi spysky kandydativ v bahatomandatnomu vyborchomu okruzi, (2015), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-11-29]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20160625132855/http:// www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2015/PVM056?PID102=5441&PF7691=5441&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_t001f01=100.
Kharkivska oblasna rada. Vyborchi spysky kandydativ v bahatomandatnomu vyborchomu okruzi, (2020), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-11-28]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20220225063220/ https://cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2020/pvm056pid102=5441pf7691=5441pt001f01=695rej=0pt00_ t001f01=695.html.
Kharkivska oblasna rada. Obrani deputatamy rady u vyborchomu okruzi, (2015), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-11-26]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20170306212614/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/ vm2015/PVM057?PID112=12&PID102=5441&PF7691=5441&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_ t001f01=100.
Kharkivska oblasna rada. Obrani deputatamy rady u vyborchomu okruzi, (2020), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-11-29]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20220225071043if_/https://cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2020/pvm057pid112=12pid102=5441pf7691=5441pt001f01=695rej=0pt00_t001f01=695.html.
Khersonska miska rada. Vyborchi spysky kandydativ v bahatomandatnomu vyborchomu okruzi, (2015), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-11-28]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20170301163125/http:// www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2015/PVM056?PID102=3996&PF7691=3996&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_t001f01=100.
Khersonska miska rada. Vyborchi spysky kandydativ v bahatomandatnomu vyborchomu okruzi, (2020), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-12-02]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20220225063251if_/ https://cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2020/pvm056pid102=3996pf7691=63718pt001f01=695rej=0pt00_t001f01=695.html.
Khersonska miska rada. Obrani deputatamy rady u vyborchomu okruzi, (2015), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-12-02]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20170826052157/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/ vm2015/PVM057?PID112=30&PID102=3996&PF7691=3996&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_ t001f01=100.
Khersonska miska rada. Obrani deputatamy rady u vyborchomu okruzi, (2020), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-12-04]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20220225071236if_/https://cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2020/ pvm057pid112=30pid102=3996pf7691=63718pt001f01=695rej=0pt00_t001f01=695.html.
Khersonska oblasna rada. Vyborchi spysky kandydativ v bahatomandatnomu vyborchomu okruzi, (2015), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-12-03]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20160305134951/http:// www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2015/PVM056?PID102=3698&PF7691=3698&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_t001f01=100.
Khersonska oblasna rada. Vyborchi spysky kandydativ v bahatomandatnomu vyborchomu okruzi, (2020), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-12-05]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20220225063236/ https://cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2020/pvm056pid102=3698pf7691=3698pt001f01=695rej=0pt00_ t001f01=695.html.
Khersonska oblasna rada. Obrani deputatamy rady u vyborchomu okruzi, (2015), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-12-03]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20160327165658/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/ vm2015/PVM057?PID112=12&PID102=3698&PF7691=3698&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_ t001f01=100.
Khersonska oblasna rada. Obrani deputatamy rady u vyborchomu okruzi, (2020), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-12-02]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20220225070803if_/https://cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2020/ pvm057pid112=12pid102=3698pf7691=3698pt001f01=695rej=0pt00_t001f01=695.html.
Lvivska miska rada. Vyborchi spysky kandydativ v bahatomandatnomu vyborchomu okruzi, (2015), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-12- 05]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20161105044049/http://www.cvk. gov.ua/pls/vm2015/PVM056?PID102=3670&PF7691=3670&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_ t001f01=100.
Lvivska miska rada. Vyborchi spysky kandydativ v bahatomandatnomu vyborchomu okruzi, (2020), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-12- 05]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20220225063305/https://cvk.gov. ua/pls/vm2020/pvm056pid102=3670pf7691=64097pt001f01=695rej=0pt00_t001f01=695.html.
Lvivska miska rada. Obrani deputatamy rady u vyborchomu okruzi, (2015), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-12-04]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201554/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/ vm2015/PVM057?PID112=30&PID102=3670&PF7691=3670&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_ t001f01=100.
Lvivska miska rada. Obrani deputatamy rady u vyborchomu okruzi, (2020), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-12-05]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20220225070124if_/https://cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2020/ pvm057pid112=30pid102=3670pf7691=64097pt001f01=695rej=0pt00_t001f01=695.html.
Lvivska oblasna rada. Vyborchi spysky kandydativ v bahatomandatnomu vyborchomu okruzi, (2015), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-12- 06]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20161105043943/http://www.cvk. gov.ua/pls/vm2015/PVM056?PID102=2962&PF7691=2962&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_ t001f01=100#.
Lvivska oblasna rada. Vyborchi spysky kandydativ v bahatomandatnomu vyborchomu okruzi, (2020), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-12- 08]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20220225063225/https://cvk.gov. ua/pls/vm2020/pvm056pid102=2962pf7691=2962pt001f01=695rej=0pt00_t001f01=695.html.
Lvivska oblasna rada. Obrani deputatamy rady u vyborchomu okruzi, (2015), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-12-05]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20160304214554/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/ vm2015/PVM057?PID112=12&PID102=2962&PF7691=2962&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_ t001f01=100.
Lvivska oblasna rada. Obrani deputatamy rady u vyborchomu okruzi, (2020), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-12-05]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20220225071800if_/https://cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2020/ pvm057pid112=12pid102=2962pf7691=2962pt001f01=695rej=0pt00_t001f01=695.html.
Pro mistsevi vybory: Zakon Ukrainy, (2015), Ofitsiinyi sait Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy [online; accessed 2022-10-14]. Available from WWW: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/595- 19/ed20151209#Text Pro politychni partii v Ukraini: Zakon Ukrainy, (2013), Ofitsiinyi sait Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy [online; accessed 2022-10-12]. Available from WWW: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/2365-14#Text.
Pro vdoskonalennia roboty tsentralnykh i mistsevykh orhaniv vykonavchoi vlady shchodo zabezpechennia rivnykh prav ta mozhlyvostei zhinok i cholovikiv: Ukaz Prezydenta Ukrainy, (2005), Ofitsiinyi sait Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy [online; accessed 2022-10-14]. Available from WWW: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1135/2005#Text.
Pro zabezpechennia rivnykh prav ta mozhlyvostei zhinok i cholovikiv: Zakon Ukrainy, (2005), Ofitsiinyi sait Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy [online; accessed 2022-10-15]. Available from WWW: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2866-15#Text.
Report on Electoral Legislation and Electoral Administration in Europe, (2020), Venice Commission [online; accessed 2022-09-16]. Available from WWW: https://www.venice.coe.int/ webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2020)023-e.
Vinnytska miska rada. Vyborchi spysky kandydativ v bahatomandatnomu vyborchomu okruzi, (2015), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal: офіційний веб-портал [online; accessed 2022-11-11]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/ web/20170610214358/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2015/PVM056?PID102=7199&PF7691=7199&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_t001f01=100.
Vinnytska miska rada. Vyborchi spysky kandydativ v bahatomandatnomu vyborchomu okruzi, (2020), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-11- 11]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20220225063412/https://cvk.gov. ua/pls/vm2020/pvm056pid102=7199pf7691=65096pt001f01=695rej=0pt00_t001f01=695.html.
Vinnytska miska rada. Obrani deputatamy rady u vyborchomu okruzi, (2015), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-11-18]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20160828055718/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/ vm2015/PVM057?PID112=30&PID102=7199&PF7691=7199&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_ t001f01=100.
Vinnytska miska rada. Obrani deputatamy rady u vyborchomu okruzi, (2020), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-11-15]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20220225065133if_/https://cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2020/ pvm057pid112=30pid102=7199pf7691=65096pt001f01=695rej=0pt00_t001f01=695.html.
Vinnytska oblasna rada. Vyborchi spysky kandydativ v bahatomandatnomu vyborchomu okruzi, (2015), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-11-15]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20161024215747/http:// www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2015/PVM056?PID102=6467&PF7691=6467&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_t001f01=100.
Vinnytska oblasna rada. Vyborchi spysky kandydativ v bahatomandatnomu vyborchomu okruzi, (2020), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-11-22]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20220225063406/ https://cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2020/pvm056pid102=6467pf7691=6467pt001f01=695rej=0pt00_ t001f01=695.html.
Vinnytska oblasna rada. Obrani deputatamy rady u vyborchomu okruzi, (2015), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-11-16]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20170112023505/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/ vm2015/PVM057?PID112=12&PID102=6467&PF7691=6467&PT001F01=100&rej=0&pt00_ t001f01=100.
Vinnytska oblasna rada. Obrani deputatamy rady u vyborchomu okruzi, (2020), Tsentralna vyborcha komisiia Ukrainy: ofitsiinyi veb-portal [online; accessed 2022-11-16]. Available from WWW: https://web.archive.org/web/20220225065543if_/https://cvk.gov.ua/pls/vm2020/ pvm057pid112=12pid102=6467pf7691=6467pt001f01=695rej=0pt00_t001f01=695.html.
Vyborchyi kodeks Ukrainy, (2019), Ofitsiinyi sait Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy [online; accessed 2022-11-15]. Available from WWW: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/396-20/ ed20191219#Text.
