Language, communication, observation and coupling in second-order change
Keywords:
change, cognition, communication, language, languagingAbstract
Evidence and research shows that coaching and cognitive therapies bring desired effects to a considerable number of those choosing to undergo the methods they offer. Although these results have been in many instances well documented, still too little, if anything, has been said about the core reasons of this effectiveness. Our claim in this text is that language use plays a pivotal role. Substantiating this view, we found classical models of communication and change inadequate, thus we propose an alternative approach. The new biocognitive perspective allows us to integrate language, communication and change in one model based on an ecological stance. In order to design this model we redefine cognition following Maturana (1980), as an ability to respond to environmental events. This leads us to employ Maturana’s concept of structural coupling (Maturana 1975) and the notion of cognitive domain as well as his understanding of languaging. As a result, we receive a model of communication which might cast more light on the mechanisms behind second-order change.
Downloads
References
Adams, J., M. White (2004). “Why don’t stage-based activity promotion interventions work?” Health Education Research 20/2: 237-243. doi: 10.1093/her/cyg105.
Anderson, H. (1997). Conversation, Language, and Possibilities: A Postmodern Approach to Therapy. New York: Basic Books.
Anderson, H., D. Gehart (2006). Collaborative Therapy: Relationships and Conversations That Make a Difference. New York: Routledge.
Anderson. H., H. Goolishian (1988). “Human systems as linguistic systems: Preliminary and evolving ideas about the implications for clinical theory”. Family Process 27: 157-163.
Anderson. H., H. Goolishian (1992). “The client is the expert: A notknowing approach to Therapy”. In: S. McNamee, K. Gergen (eds.). Therapy as Social Construction. Newbury Park. CA: Sage. 25-39.
Bandura A. (1991). “Self-regulation of motivation through anticipatory and self-reactive Mechanisms”. In: R. A Dienstbier (ed.). Perspectives on Motivation: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 38: 69-164.
Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an Ecology of Mind. San Fransisco Chandler Publishing Co.
Di Paolo, E., M. Rhohde, H. De Jaegher (2010). “Horizons for the enactive mind: Values, social interaction, and play”. In: J. Stewart, O. Gapenne, E. A. Di Paolo (eds.). Enaction: Toward a New Paradigm for Cognitive Science. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 33-87.
Forman E. M., J. D. Herbert, E. Moitra, P. D. Yeomans, P. A. Geller (2007). “A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Therapy for anxiety and depression”. Behavior Modification 31: 772–799.
Glasersfeld, E. Von (2001). “The radical constructivist view of science”. In: A. Riegler (ed.). Foundations of Science (Special issue The Impact of Radical Constructivism on Science) 6/1-3: 31-43.
Grant, A. M., L. Curtayne, G. Burton (2009). “Executive coaching enhances goal attainment, resilience and workplace well-being: A randomized controlled study”. The Journal of Positive Psychology 4: 396-407.
Kravchenko A. (2011). “How Humberto Maturana’s biology of cognition can revive the language sciences”. Constructivist Foundations 6/3: 352-362.
Korzybski, A. (1994). Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics. Brooklyn, NY: Institute of General Semantics.
Lasswell, H. D. (1948). “The structure and function of communication in society”. In: L. Bryson (ed.). The Communication of Ideas. Vol. 37. New York: Institute for Religious and Social Studies, 37-51.
Mac Kay, D. M. (1969). Information, Mechanism and Meaning. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
MacKie, D. (2014). “The effectiveness of strength-based executive coaching in enhancing full range leadership development: A controlled study”. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research 66/2: 118-137. doi: 10.1037/cpb0000005.
Maier, H. W. (1987). Developmental Group Care of Children and Youth: Concepts and Practice. New York: Haworth.
Maturana, H. R. (1975). “The organization of the living: A theory of the living organization”. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 7: 313-332.
Maturana, H. R., F. Varela (1980). Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living. Boston: Reidel.
Maturana, H., G. Guiloff (1980). The quest for the intelligence of intelligence. Journal of Social and Biological Structures 3: 135-148.
Maturana, H., F. Varela (1992). The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Boston: Shambhala.
Pelham, G. (2016). The Coaching Relationship in Practice. London: SAGE Publishing.
Piaget, J. (1950). The Psychology of Intelligence. New York: Routledge.
Prochaska, J. O., C. C. DiClemente (2005). “The transtheoretical approach”. In: J.C. Norcross, M. R. Goldfried (eds.). Handbook of Psychotherapy Integration. New York: Oxford University Press, 147-171.
Reddy, M. (1979). “The conduit metaphor: A case of frame conflict in our language about language”. In: A. Ortony (ed.). Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 284-324.
Rush, D. D., M. L. Shelden (2005). Evidence-based definition of coaching practices. CASEInPoint 1/6: 1-6.
Shaw V.N. (2001). “Self-dialogue as a fundamental process of expression”. Social Thought & Research 24/1-2: 271-312.
Smither, J. W., M. London, R. Flautt, Y. Vargas, I. Kucine (2003). “Can working with an executive coach improve multi-source feedback ratings over time? A quasi-experimental field study”. Personnel Psychology 56: 23-44. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2003.tb001 42.x.
Sniehotta, F. F. (2009). “Towards a theory of intentional behaviour change: Plans, planning, and self-regulation”. British Journal of Health Psychology 14: 261-273.
Theeboom, T., B. Beersma, A. E. van Vianen (2014). “Does coaching work? A meta-analysis on the effects of coaching on individual level outcomes in an organizational context.” The Journal of Positive Psychology 9: 1-18.
Watzlawick, P., J. Weakland, R. Fisch (1974). Change Principles of Problem Formation and Resolution. New York: W. W. Norton and Co.
Whitmore, J. (2009). Coaching for Performance. London: Nicolas Brealey Publishing.
Wiener, N. (1954). The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society. Garden City – New York: Doubleday Anchor.
Academic Scientific Journals
