Idea pomocniczości w filozofii nowożytnej

Abstrakt

The principle of subsidiarity was born in modern times, but the ideas connected to it were present even in the ancient era. They can be found in the classical Greek and liberal philosophy. In the XIX century, subsidiarity was joined with Catholic social teachings. Modern times have brought the flourishing idea of subsidiarity and many representatives of philosophy undertook the challenge to expand it. The nineteenth century was a period of making a theme of freedom and the role of a man in society, the theme very much associated with the principle of subsidiarity.
The first part concerns the problem of subsidiarity in the beliefs of John Locke. It shows the vision of state, that is protecting its citizens and helping them retain their civil rights. The second part is a review of Georg W. F. Hegel views on society and role of the state. He warns about centralism, which can be dangerous to society and its activity. Third part shows Alexis de Tocqueville deep analysis of civil society, in his work Democracy in America. The last part concerns John Stuart Mill, who strongly emphasized the right of citizens to be active in public life. The ideas of subsidiarity became willingly undertaken by others philosophers in different topics