Academic Scientific JournalsOn a State of Democratic Emergency
Keywords:
democracy, illiberative democracy, near miss, freedom, electionAbstract
Due to the spread of the third wave of global democratization from southern Europe to more distant countries and cultures, many authors have begun to address the paradoxical trend that reflects the fact that although democracy has become the norm in the world, i.e. the most common and generally legitimate form of government, it often works in a way that reduces real freedom. The main goal of this study is defining a space between functioning democracy and the failing one, identifying the most important highlights based on results of empirical researches published during 2016-2019 to identify the most current trends in liberal democracy that we originally call „a state of democratic emergency“ occurring due to the untouched „near misses“.
Downloads
References
Anckar, D., (2011), Democracy as a Westminster Heritage, Taiwan Journal of Democracy. Vol. 7, no. 1.
Brownlee, J., (2009), Portents of Pluralism: How Hybrid Regimes Affect Democratic Transitions. American Journal of Political Science [online], Midwest Political Science Association. 53(3), 515-532.
Burnell, P., Schlumberger, O., (2010), Promoting democracy – promoting autocracy? International politics and national political regimes, Contemporary Politics, 16:1, 2010. DOI: 10.1080/13569771003593805
Carothers, T., (2002): The End of the Transition Paradigm, in Journal of Democracy. Vol. 13, No 1.
Dahl, R., (1971), Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition, New Haven: Yale University Press.
Davenport, Ch., (20002), Understanding Illiberal Democracies, Liberal Autocracies, and Everything in Between: A Cross-National Examination from 1972-1996. University of Houston. DOI: 10.1.1.608.9971.
Diamond, L., (1996), Is the Third Wave Over? Journal of Democracy, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 20-37.
FREEDOMHOUSE. Methodology, (2008), Washington D.C. and New York: Freedom House.
Ginsburg, T., Huq, A., (2018), Democracy’s Near Misses. Journal of Democracy, 29.
Hameiri, S., (2007), The trouble with RAMSI: Reexamining the roots of conflict in Solomon Islands. The Contemporary Pacific. Vol. 19(2), pp. 409-441. DOI: 10.1.1.608.9971.
Chedler, A., (1998), What is Democratic Consolidation? Journal of Democracy. 9(2), 91-107 DOI: 10.1353/jod.1998.0030.
Klučiarovský, M., (2018), Globalizácia ako predmet komparatívnej analýzy. Central European Education Institute, s.r.o.
Kušnírová, J. - Rabatinová, M. - Válek, J., (2017), Daňová politika a jej vplyv na efektívny výber daní a elimináciu daňových únikov : vybrané aspekty. Praha : Wolters Kluwer.
Levine, S, ed. (2009), Pacific Ways: Government and Politics in the Pacific Islands. Wellington: Victoria University Press.
Lindberg, S. I. (ed.). (2009), Democratization by Elections. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore.
Lührmann, A., Mechkova, V., Dahlum, S., et al. (2018), State of the world 2017: autocratization and exclusion? Democratization [online]. 25(8), 1321-1340. DOI: 10.1080/13510347.2018.1479693.
Mainwaring, S., Bizzarro, F., (2019), The Fates Of Third-Wave Democracies. Journal of Democracy. 30(1), 99-113 DOI: 10.1353/jod.2019.0008.
O'Donnell, G., Schmitter, P.C., (1986), Transition from authoritarian rule: tentative conclusions about uncertain democracies. Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore.
Przeworski, A., Alvarez, M.E., Cheibub, J. A. and Limongi, F., (2003), Democracy and Development. Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950-1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ratuva, S., (2005), Primordial Politics? Political Parties and Tradition in Melanesia. s.27-42. IN: Rich, R. et al. Political parties in the Pacific Islands. ANU E Press The Australian National University.
Russell, B., (1992), Power: a new social analysis. London: Routledge.
Sartori, G., (1993), Teória demokracie. Bratislava: Archa.
Srebrnik, H., (2004), Small Island Nations and Democratic Values. World Development 32, no. 2. pp. 329-41.
Levitsky, S., Ziblatt, D., (2018), This is how democracies die | Opinion. In. The Guardian 9/2/2018.
Veenendaal, W. P., (2013), Democracy in microstates: why smallness does not produce a democratic political system. In Democratization [online]. 2013, 22(1), 92-112 DOI: 10.1080/13510347.2013.820710.
Wike, R., Fetterolf, J., (2018), Liberal Democracy’s Crisis of Confidence. Journal of Democracy [online]. 2018, 29(4), 136-150 [cit. 2019-11-10]. DOI: 10.1353/jod.2018.0069.
Zakaria, F., (1997), The Rise of Illiberal Democracy. In: Foreign Affairs. Vol. 76, No. 6 (Nov. - Dec., 1997), pp. 22-43. DOI: 10.2307/20048274.
Zhaotian, L., Przeworski, A., (2018), Subversion by Stealth: Elementary Dynamics of Democratic Backsliding. (unpublished manuscript, New York University Department of Politics, 27 March 2018); Adam Przeworski, Crises of Democracy (forthcoming from Cambridge University Press).IN: Aziz Huq and Tom Ginsburg, “How to Lose a Constitutional Democracy,” UCLA Law Review 65 (February 2018): 78–165.
Zinecker, H., (2009), Regime-Hybridity in Developing Countries: Achievements and Limitations of New Research on Transitions. International Studies Review. Wiley on behalf of The International Studies Association, 2009, 11(2), pp.302-331.
