Uniwersyteckie Czasopisma NaukoweJęzyk angielski w Singapurze, mieście migrantów. Ideologia odmiany ogólnej a postawy wobec dialektu singlish
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26881/bp.2023.2.02Słowa kluczowe:
postawy wobec języka, ideologia językowa, normatywizm, Singapur, socjolingwistykaAbstrakt
Singapur to państwo-miasto, którego uwarunkowania geograficzne i historia jako faktorii i kolonii brytyjskiej sprawiły, że stał się krajem bogatym, wieloetnicznym i wielokulturowym. Historia kraju i współczesne trendy migracji skutkowały uchwaleniem czterech języków urzędowych: są to angielski, mandaryński, malajski i tamilski. Oprócz odmiany ogólnej (standardowej) języka angielskiego Singapurczycy używają odmiany kolokwialnej zwanej Singlish (pol. singlish, singlisz), która jest oparta na angielszczyźnie, jednocześnie czerpiąc z zasobów leksykalnych, gramatycznych i fonologicznych wielorakich języków używanych przez Singapurczyków. Niniejszy artykuł bada negatywne postawy wobec singlisha wyrażane w źródłach publikacji rządowych, tzn. witrynach internetowych i kampaniach edukacyjnych, które miały miejsce w drugiej połowie lat 2010-tych. Artykuł zaczyna się definicją prestiżu w języku i normatywizmu. Następnie opisuje uwarunkowania socjolingwistyczne j. angielskiego w Singapurze, lokalną odmianę ogólną j. angielskiego i wybrane aspekty singlisha. Główną część artykułu stanowi analiza tekstów i filmów wyrażających uprzedzenie wobec singlisha. W części poświęconej dyskusji podjęto próbę wyjaśnienia źródeł ideologii odmiany ogólnej języka angielskiego w Singapurze poprzez odniesienie jej do żywotności, historyczności i tzw. czystości języka. Na koniec wysunięty zostaje wniosek, że singlish stanowi jedyny w swoim rodzaju sposób wyrazu dla Singapurczyków.
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