Uniwersyteckie Czasopisma NaukoweRynek prasy drukowanej w Turcji w latach 2012–2020
Słowa kluczowe:
Turcja, rynek prasy, własność, FETÖ, ErdoğanAbstrakt
W tekście dokonano analizy rynku prasy drukowanej w Turcji w latach 2012–2020. Zwrócono uwagę na zmianę struktury własności i sieć powiązań własnościowych w grupach medialnych, spadek czytelnictwa gazet i czasopism oraz okoliczności społeczno-polityczne, jakie doprowadziły do upadku niezależnych mediów w Turcji. Zaliczono do nich: protesty w Istambule w 2013 roku, nieudany zamach stanu w 2016 roku, korupcję władzy.
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Bibliografia
Akty prawne
Kanun Hükmünde, Kararname, Olağanüstü Hal Kapsaminda Alinmasi Gereken Tedbirler Ile Bazi Kurum Ve Kuruluşlara Dair Düzenleme Yapilmasi Hakkinda Kanun Hükmünde Kararname, Karar Sayısı: KHK/668, „Resmî Gazete”, 27.07.2016 Çarşamba, Sayı: 29783 (2. Mükerrer), dostęp online: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.6755.pdf.
İşte kapatılan FETÖ kurumları – Tam liste, Karar, 2016, dostęp online: http://www.karar.com/gundem/iste-kapatilan-feto-kurumlari-tam-liste.
YÖK’ten kapatılan FETÖ üniversiteleri için yeni açıklama, Haber Türk, 3.08.2016. dostęp online: https://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/1276270-yokten-kapatilan-fetouniversiteleri-icin-yeni-aciklama.
Prace naukowe
Akkor Gül A., Monopolization of media ownership as a challenge to the Turkish Television Broadcasting System and the European Union, „Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi Cilt” 2011/2, no. 10, s. 27–46.
Bulut S., Karlidag S., A Discussion on Media Systems in Turkey [w:] R. Dorczak, R. Lenart-Gansiniec, Ch. Ruggiero, M.A. Icbay, Research and Development on Social Sciences, Andrzej Nowosad, Umit Turanli, Margreta Grigoriva
Monographs and Studies of the Jagiellonian University – Institute of Public Affairs, Kraków 2018.
Ercebe Ö., Türkiye’nin Medya Sistemi ve Otoriterleşme. Eğiliminin Yapısal Temelleri, „Atılım Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi” 2016, t. 6, s. 50–85.
Laciner M.S. Turkiye’de Medya ve Politik Klientelizm, Istanbul Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler, Enstitusu gazetecilik Anavilim Dali. Yayimlanmamis doktora tezi, 2015.
Orhan E., Tureckie media za rządów Recepa Tayyipa Erdoğana (2003–2014), Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2017.
Raporty
World Press Freedom Index, https://rsf.org/en/ranking.
Barış R., Turkey #Print Media, EJC Media Landscapes, circa 2010.
CPJ (Committee to Protect Journalists), dostęp online: https://cpj.org/.
Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism, dostęp online: https://turkey.mom-rsf.org/en/findings/indicators/#!9fed61067e34232006ff7dcd0ed479d0.
OECD, Turkey – Country Note – Skills Matter: Further Results from the Survey of Adult Skills, 2014, dostęp online: https://www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/publications/countryspecificmaterial/).
Olağanüstü Hal Işlemleri Inceleme Komisyonu Kararlari Hakkinda Duyuru (27.03.2020), dostęp online: https://ohalkomisyonu.tccb.gov.tr/.
TÜİK 2018 Medya raporunu açıkladı: Gazetelerin tirajları düştü, Birgün, 26.07.2019 roku, https://www.birgun.net/haber/tuik-2018-medya-raporunu-acikladi-gazetelerin-tirajlari-dustu-263004.
Türkiye’de gazetelerin listesi, 2010 i 20120 dostęp online: https://pl.qwe.wiki/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Turkey.
Türkiye okuma kültürü haritasi, Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, dostęp online: www.kygm.gov.tr/Eklenti/55,yonetici-ozetipdf.pdf.
World Press Freedom Index, dostęp online: https://rsf.org/en/ranking.
Yazılı medya istatistikleri açıklandı, dostęp online: https://www.bik.gov.tr/yazili-medyaistatistikleri-aciklandi-2.
Artykuły prasowe
Arrested Turkish journalists released after 92 days in prison, “Hurriyet Daily News”, 26.02.2016, dostęp online: https://www.leipziger-medienstiftung.de/en/medienpreis-en/prize-for-the-freedom-and-future-of-the-media/laureates/can-d%C3%BCndar-en/.
Armutçu O. Adalet Bakanlığı’ndan FETÖ bilançosu: Tutuklu hükümlü sayısı 29 bin 487, Hürriyet, Haber Giriş: 7.07.2019.
Arrested Turkish journalists released after 92 days in prison, „Hurriyet Daily News”, 26.02.2016, dostęp online: http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/arrested-turkish-journalists-released-after-92-days-in-prison-95723.
Axel Springer wycofał się z Turcji, Press, 9.05.2018, dostęp online: https://www.press.pl/tresc/53231,axel-springer-wycofal-sie-z-turcji.
Can Dündar, ve Erdem Gül tutuklandı, Cumhuriyet gazetesi Genel Yayın Yönetmeni Can Dündar ile gazetenin Ankara temsilcisi Erdem Gül, MİT TIR’ları haberi soruşturmasında tutuklandı, „Sözcü Gazetesi” 27.11.2015, dostęp online: https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2015/gundem/can-dundara-tutuklama-talebi-995825/.
Cumhuriyet newspaper wins journalism prize from Reporters Without Borders, „Today’s Zaman”, 5.03.2015, dostęp online: https://web.archive.org/web/20160305195610/http://www.Rynek prasy drukowanej w Turcji w latach 2012–2020
todayszaman.com/anasayfa_cumhuriyet-newspaper-wins-journalism-prize-from-reporters-without-borders_404610.html.
Doğan Holding completes key merger, „Hürriyet Daily News”, 2 09.2014.
Hamsici M., MİT TIR’ları davası: Neler yaşandı?, BBC Türkçe, 15.06.2017, dostęp online: https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-turkiye-40275619.
KHK ile kapatılan üniversite mezunlarının diplomalarında ‘kapatılma’ vurgusu, Dokuz Haber, 1.03.2017, dostęp online: https://medium.com/@dokuz8HABER/khk-ile-kapat%C4%B1lan-%C3%BCniversite-mezunlar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n-diplomalar%C4%B1nda-kapat%C4%B1lma-vurgusu-41abf788b182.
Kamuda ihraç edilenlerin tam listesi, Resmi Gazetede’ki yeni kararnamenin göreve iadelerle ilgili olduğu öğrenildi, İşte kamuda ihraç edilenlerin tam listesi, 2016, „aHBR”, 30.10.2016, dostęp online: https://www.ahaber.com.tr/galeri/turkiye/kamuda-ihrac-edilenlerin-tam-listesi/181.
Kokot M., Turecki sąd zatrzymał pięciu dziennikarzy „Cumhurriyet” w areszcie, „Gazeta.pl”, 28.07.2017, http://wyborcza.pl/7,75399,22164139,turcja-wsadzila-dziennikarzy-cumhurriyet-do-aresztu.html.
Sade G., Verilerle 15 Temmuz sonrası ve OHAL süreci, euronews 15.07.2019, dostęp online: https://tr.euronews.com/2019/07/12/verilerle-15-temmuz-sonras-ve-ohal-sureci.
Selek, F. (2018, July 9) Haberturk Neden Kapandi? http://www.turkiyegazetesi. com.tr/ yazarlar/fatihselek/603113.aspx.
Turkey clashes: Why are Gezi Park and Taksim Square so important, 2013, BBC, 5.06.2013, dostęp online: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-22753752.
Turkey’s Dogus in talks with banks on debt restructuring: sources, Reuters, 7.04.2018.
Turkey’s last big independent media firm is snapped up by a regime ally, „The Economist”, 27.03.2018, dostęp online: https://www.economist.com/europe/2018/03/27/turkeys-last-big-independent-media-firm-is-snapped-up-by-a-regime-ally.
Turkish Media Group Bought by Pro-Government Conglomerate, „The New York Times”, 21.03.2018.
Verza S., Mat F., Media in Turkey: a testing ground of censorship and control, „Osservatorio balcanie caucaso transeuropa”, 31.07.2020, dostęp online: https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/eng/Areas/Turkey/Media-in-Turkey-a-testing-ground-of-censorship-and-control-203928.
Yildiz Z., Türkiye’de medyayı kim kontrol ediyor?, euronews 3.05.2019, dostęp online: https://tr.euronews.com/2019/05/03/medya-sahipligi-turkiye-de-medyayi-kim-kontrol-ediyor-.
Bazy danych
BIK (Basın Ilan Kurumu)
TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu
RMP (Risks to Media Pluralism)
web.archive.org
Strony www
ahaber.com.tr
albayrakmedya.com
bbc.com
bik.gov.tr
birgun.net
cinergroup.com.tr
economist.com
hurriyetdailynews.com
ihlasyayinholding.com.tr
kalyongrup.com
karar.com
kygm.gov.tr
leipziger-medienstiftung.de
medium.com
mevzuat.gov.tr
oecd.org
pl.qwe.wiki
press.pl
rsf.org
tr.euronews.com
turkey.mom-rsf.org
wyborcza.pl
