Uniwersyteckie Czasopisma NaukoweInchatoshi, ivenki, ivinishi – rośliny z lasu i ogrodu. Wprowadzenie do problematyki badań z zakresu etnobotaniki medycznej wśród Indian Asháninka z Amazonii peruwiańskiej
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4467/254395379EPT.17.006.9242Słowa kluczowe:
Arawak linguistic family, ethnomedicineAbstrakt
Asháninka indigenous people from the Tambo river region in Peruvian Amazon are the largest group of the Arawak linguistic family in Peru. They are renowned for their long trajectory of horticulture and their preference to settle along big navigable rivers. Nowadays, these peoples dedicate themselves to subsistence agriculture and fishing complemented with cash crop growing, such as cocoa and coffee. In this article we display methodological considerations in conducting ethnobotanical studies among indigenous groups of the Amazon. We also present preliminary results from our fieldwork among Asháninka people done in 2016. We put the emphasis on medicinal plant use in the whole spectrum of ethnomedical practices among the study community. The special classificatory categories evoked here are plants from the forest (inchatoshi) and plants from the garden (ivenki, ivinishi).
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Bibliografia
Aikhenvald, A.Y. (1999). The Arawakan language family. W: R.M.W. Dixon, A.Y. Aikhenvald (eds.), The Amazonian languages (s. 65–106). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Alexiades, M.N. (ed.). (1996). Selected guidelines for ethnobotanical research: A field manual. New York: The New York Botanical Garden Press.
Benavides, M. (ed.). (2006). Atlas de comunidades nativas de la Selva Central. Lima: Instituto del Bien Comun.
Bennett, B.C., Prance, G.T. (2000,). Introduced plants in the indigenous pharmacopeia of northern South America. Economic Botany, 54(1), 90–102.
Bletter, N. (2007). A quantitative synthesis of the medicinal ethnobotany of the Malinké of Mali and the Asháninka of Peru, with a new theoretical framework. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3:36, b.p.
Boer de, H.J., Lamxay, V., Björk, L. (2012). Comparing medicinal plant knowledge using similarity indices: a case of the Brou, Saek and Kry in Lao PDR. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 41, 481–500.
Boster, J.S. (1985). „Requiem for the omniscient informant”. There’s life in the old girl yet. W: J. Dougherty (ed.), Directions in cognitive anthropology (s. 177–196). Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Boster, J.S., Johnson, J.C. (1989). A comparison of experts and novice judgments in similarity among fish. American Anthropologist, 91(4), 866–899.
Bourdy, G., Valadeau, C., Albán, J. (eds.). (2008). Yato’ ramuesh: plantas medicinales Yaneshas. Paris: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement.
Brewer, D.D. (2002). Suplementary interviewing techniques to maximize output in free listing task. Field Methods, 14, 108–118.
Cunningham, T. (2000). Applied ethnobotany: People, wild plant use and conservation. London: Earthscan.
Díaz-Reviriego, I. et al. (2016). Social organization influences the exchange and species richness of medicinal plants in Amazonian homegardens. Ecology and Society, 21(1): 1, b.p.
Finerman, R., Sackett, R. (2003). Using homegardens to decipher health and healing in the Andes. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 17, 459–482.
Ford, R.I. (1994). Ethnobotany: Historical Diversity and Synthesis. W: R.I. Ford (ed.), The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany (s. 33–49). Ann Arbor: Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan.
Ford, R.I. (2001). Ethnobiology at a Crossroads. W: R.I. Ford (ed.), Ethnobotany at the Millenium. Past Promise and Future Prospects (s. 1–9). Ann Arbor: Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan.
Foster, G.M. (1976). Disease etiologies in non-Western medical systems. American Anthropologist, 78(4), 773–782.
Frei, B., Sticher, O., Heinrich, M. (2000). Zapotec and Mixe Use of Tropical Habitats for Securing Medicinal Plants in Mexico. Economic Botany, 54(1), 73–81.
Furlan, V. et al. (2016). To what extent are medicinal plants shared between country home gardens and urban ones? A case study from Misiones, Argentina. Pharmaceutical Biology, 54(9), 1628–1640.
Heckenberger, M. (2002). Rethinking the Arawakan diaspora: hierarchy, regionality, and the Amazonian formative. W: J.D. Hill, F. Santos-Granero (eds.), Comparative Arawakan histories: rethinking l anguage family and culture area in Amazonia (s. 99–122). Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Heckenberger, M. (2005). The ecology of power: culture, place, and personhood in the southern Amazon, AD 1000–2000. New York: Routledge.
Heckler, S.L. (2007). Herbalism, home gardens and hybridization. Wõthïhã medicine and cultural change. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 21(1), 41–63.
Heinrich, M. et al. (1998). Medicinal Plants in Mexico: healers’ consensus and cultural importance. Social Science & Medicine, 47(11), 1859–1871.
Hill, J., Santos-Granero, F. (eds.). (2002). Comparative Arawakan histories: rethinking language group and culture area in Amazonia. Urbana–Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
Holdridge, L.R. (1976). Life Zone Ecology. San Jose: Tropical Science Center.
Hornborg, A. (2005). Ethnogenesis, regional integration, and ecology in prehistoric Amazonia. Current Athopology, 46(4), 589–620.
Howard, P.L. (2003). Women and the Plant World: An Exploration. W: P.L. Howard (ed.), Women and Plants. Gender Relations in Biodiversity Management and Conservation (s. 1–48). London: Zed Books.
Hvalkof, S. (1998). From slavery to democracy: the indigenous process of Upper Ucayali and Gran Pajonal. W: P.G. Hierro, S. Hvalkof, A. Gray (eds.), Liberation through land rights in the Peruvian Amazon. Copenhagen: IWGIA.
Instituto Nacional de Estatistica e Informatica. (2009). Poblacíon indígena de la Amazonía Peruana supera los 330 mil habitantes, www.inei.gob.pe/prensa/noticias/poblacionindigena-de-la- amazonia-peruana- supera-los-330-mil- habitantes-9232/ [dostęp: 12.09.2017].
Ingold, T. (2010). Footprints through the weather-world: walking, breathing, knowing. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 16(s1), S121–S139.
Kensinger, K.M. (1995). How real people ought to live: the Cashinaua of eastern Peru. Illinois: Waveland Press.
Keplinger, K. et al. (1998). Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. – Ethnomedicinal use and new pharmacological, toxicological and botanical results. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 64(1), 23–34.
Killick, E. (2008). Creating Community: Land Titling, Education, and Settlement Formation among the Ashéninka of Peruvian Amazonia. The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology, 13(1), 22–47.
Kujawska, M. (2008). Etnobotanika. Maszyna Interpretacyjna, 4(41), 58–62.
Kujawska, M. et al. (2017a). Cognition, culture and utility: plant classification by Paraguayan immigrant farmers in Misiones, Argentina. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 13:42, b.p.
Kujawska, M. et al. (2017b). Medicinal plant diversity and inter-cultural interactions between indigenous Guarani, Criollos and Polish migrants in the subtropics of Argentina. PLoS One, 12(1), b.p.
Kujawska, M., Łuczaj, Ł. (2015). Wild edible plants used by the Polish community in Misiones. Argentina, Human Ecology, 43(6), 855–869.
Kujawska, M., Svanberg, I. (2014). The contribution of early women ethnobiologists. W: I. Svanberg, Ł. Łuczaj (eds.). Pioneers in European Ethnobiology (s. 283–305). Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet.
Lenaerts, M. (2006). Substances, relationships and the omnipresence of the body: an overview of Ashéninka ethnomedicine (Western Amazonia). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2:49, b.p.
Lenaearts, M. (2011). Ashéninka Ethnobotany, Between “Tradition” and “Modernity”: What does Plant Knowledge Mean?. Mundo Amazonico, 2, 67–94.
Luziatelli, G. et al. (2010). Asháninka medicinal plants: a case study from the native community of Bajo Quimiriki, Junín, Peru. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 6:21, b.p.
Martin, G.J. (2004). Ethnobotany: a methods manual. London: Chapman Hall.
Nolan, J. (2002). Wild plant classification in little Dixie: Variation in a regional culture. Journal of Ecological Anthropology, 6(1), 69–81.
Pieroni, A. (2001). Evaluation of the cultural significance of wild food botanicals traditionally consumed in Northwestern Tuscany, Italy. Journal of Ethnobiology, 21(1), 89–104.
Pimenta, J. (2006). Reciprocidade, mercado e desigualdade social entre os Ashaninka do rio Amônia. Série Antropologia 392. Brasília: Departamento de Antropologia, Universidade de Brasília.
Pimenta, J. (2009). Povos indígenas, fronteiras amazônicas e soberania nacional. Algumas reflexões a partir dos Ashaninka do Acre (Comunicação apresentada na Mesa Redonda: Grupos indígenas na Amazônia). Manaus: Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência.
Quinlan, M. (2005). Considerations for Collecting Freelists in the Field: Examples from Ethnobotany. Field Methods, 17, 219–234.
Rodríguez, E. (2008). Clima, informe temático. Proyecto mesozonificación ecológica y económica para el desarrollo sostenible de la provincial de Satipo. Iquitos–Peru: Convenio entre IIAP, DEVIDA y la Municipalidad Provincial de Satipo.
Romney, A.K., Weller, S.C., Batchelder W.H. (1996). Culture as consensus: A theory of culture and informant accuracy, American Anthropologist, 88(2), 313–338.
Santos-Granero, F., Barclay, F. (eds.). (2005). Guía etnográfica de la alta Amazonía. Vol. 5. Lima: IFEA.
Sosnowska, J., Balslev, H. (2009). American palm ethnomedicine: A meta-analysis. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 5:43, b.p.
Sosnowska, J., Kujawska, M. (2014). All useful plants have not only identities, but stories: the mythical origins of the peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) according to the Peruvian Asháninka. Trames, 18(68/63), 173–195.
Sosnowska, J., Ramirez, D., Millán, B. (2010). Palmeras usadas por los indígenas Asháninkas en la Amazonía Peruana. Revista Peruana de Biología, 17(3), 347–352.
Sosnowska, J., Walanus, A., Balslev, H. (2015). Asháninka palm management and domestication in the Peruvian Amazon. Human Ecology, 43, 451–466.
Stepp, R.J. (2005). Advances in Ethnobiological Field Methods. Field Methods, 17(3), 211–217.
Świerk, K. (2007). Itinkami versus presidente. Tradycyjni i nowocześni przywódcy Indian
Matsigenka. W: R. Vorbrich (red.), Plemię, państwo, demokracja. Uwarunkowania kultury pozaeuropejskiej (s. 81–95). Poznań: Biblioteka Telgte Wydawnictwo.
Tardío, J., Pardo-de-Santayana, M. (2008). Cultural importance indices: a comparative analysis based on the useful wild plants of Southern Cantabria (Northern Spain). Economic Botany, 62, 24–39.
Valadeau, C. et al. (2010). The rainbow hurts my skin: Medicinal concepts and plants uses among the Yanesha (Amuesha), an Amazonian Peruvian ethnic group. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127, 175–192.
Vandebroek, I. (2010). The dual intracultural and intercultural relationship between medicinal plant knowledge and consensus. Economic Botany, 64(4), 303–317.
Varese, S. (2006). La sal de los cerros. Resistencia y utopia en la Amazonía peruana. Lima: Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú.
Waldstein, A., Adams, C. (2006). The interface between medical anthropology and medical ethnobiology. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 12, 95–118.
Weis, G. (1973). Shamanism and priesthood in the light of the Campa ayahuasca ceremony. W: M. Harner (ed.), Hallucinogens and shamanism (s. 40–47). New York: Oxford University Press.
Weis, G. (1975). Campa cosmology, the world of a forest tribe in South America. Anthropological Papers of American Museum of Natural History, 52(5), 217–588.
Alexiades, M.N. (ed.). (1996). Selected guidelines for ethnobotanical research: A field manual. New York: The New York Botanical Garden Press.
Benavides, M. (ed.). (2006). Atlas de comunidades nativas de la Selva Central. Lima: Instituto del Bien Comun.
Bennett, B.C., Prance, G.T. (2000,). Introduced plants in the indigenous pharmacopeia of northern South America. Economic Botany, 54(1), 90–102.
Bletter, N. (2007). A quantitative synthesis of the medicinal ethnobotany of the Malinké of Mali and the Asháninka of Peru, with a new theoretical framework. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3:36, b.p.
Boer de, H.J., Lamxay, V., Björk, L. (2012). Comparing medicinal plant knowledge using similarity indices: a case of the Brou, Saek and Kry in Lao PDR. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 41, 481–500.
Boster, J.S. (1985). „Requiem for the omniscient informant”. There’s life in the old girl yet. W: J. Dougherty (ed.), Directions in cognitive anthropology (s. 177–196). Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Boster, J.S., Johnson, J.C. (1989). A comparison of experts and novice judgments in similarity among fish. American Anthropologist, 91(4), 866–899.
Bourdy, G., Valadeau, C., Albán, J. (eds.). (2008). Yato’ ramuesh: plantas medicinales Yaneshas. Paris: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement.
Brewer, D.D. (2002). Suplementary interviewing techniques to maximize output in free listing task. Field Methods, 14, 108–118.
Cunningham, T. (2000). Applied ethnobotany: People, wild plant use and conservation. London: Earthscan.
Díaz-Reviriego, I. et al. (2016). Social organization influences the exchange and species richness of medicinal plants in Amazonian homegardens. Ecology and Society, 21(1): 1, b.p.
Finerman, R., Sackett, R. (2003). Using homegardens to decipher health and healing in the Andes. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 17, 459–482.
Ford, R.I. (1994). Ethnobotany: Historical Diversity and Synthesis. W: R.I. Ford (ed.), The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany (s. 33–49). Ann Arbor: Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan.
Ford, R.I. (2001). Ethnobiology at a Crossroads. W: R.I. Ford (ed.), Ethnobotany at the Millenium. Past Promise and Future Prospects (s. 1–9). Ann Arbor: Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan.
Foster, G.M. (1976). Disease etiologies in non-Western medical systems. American Anthropologist, 78(4), 773–782.
Frei, B., Sticher, O., Heinrich, M. (2000). Zapotec and Mixe Use of Tropical Habitats for Securing Medicinal Plants in Mexico. Economic Botany, 54(1), 73–81.
Furlan, V. et al. (2016). To what extent are medicinal plants shared between country home gardens and urban ones? A case study from Misiones, Argentina. Pharmaceutical Biology, 54(9), 1628–1640.
Heckenberger, M. (2002). Rethinking the Arawakan diaspora: hierarchy, regionality, and the Amazonian formative. W: J.D. Hill, F. Santos-Granero (eds.), Comparative Arawakan histories: rethinking l anguage family and culture area in Amazonia (s. 99–122). Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Heckenberger, M. (2005). The ecology of power: culture, place, and personhood in the southern Amazon, AD 1000–2000. New York: Routledge.
Heckler, S.L. (2007). Herbalism, home gardens and hybridization. Wõthïhã medicine and cultural change. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 21(1), 41–63.
Heinrich, M. et al. (1998). Medicinal Plants in Mexico: healers’ consensus and cultural importance. Social Science & Medicine, 47(11), 1859–1871.
Hill, J., Santos-Granero, F. (eds.). (2002). Comparative Arawakan histories: rethinking language group and culture area in Amazonia. Urbana–Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
Holdridge, L.R. (1976). Life Zone Ecology. San Jose: Tropical Science Center.
Hornborg, A. (2005). Ethnogenesis, regional integration, and ecology in prehistoric Amazonia. Current Athopology, 46(4), 589–620.
Howard, P.L. (2003). Women and the Plant World: An Exploration. W: P.L. Howard (ed.), Women and Plants. Gender Relations in Biodiversity Management and Conservation (s. 1–48). London: Zed Books.
Hvalkof, S. (1998). From slavery to democracy: the indigenous process of Upper Ucayali and Gran Pajonal. W: P.G. Hierro, S. Hvalkof, A. Gray (eds.), Liberation through land rights in the Peruvian Amazon. Copenhagen: IWGIA.
Instituto Nacional de Estatistica e Informatica. (2009). Poblacíon indígena de la Amazonía Peruana supera los 330 mil habitantes, www.inei.gob.pe/prensa/noticias/poblacionindigena-de-la- amazonia-peruana- supera-los-330-mil- habitantes-9232/ [dostęp: 12.09.2017].
Ingold, T. (2010). Footprints through the weather-world: walking, breathing, knowing. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 16(s1), S121–S139.
Kensinger, K.M. (1995). How real people ought to live: the Cashinaua of eastern Peru. Illinois: Waveland Press.
Keplinger, K. et al. (1998). Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. – Ethnomedicinal use and new pharmacological, toxicological and botanical results. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 64(1), 23–34.
Killick, E. (2008). Creating Community: Land Titling, Education, and Settlement Formation among the Ashéninka of Peruvian Amazonia. The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology, 13(1), 22–47.
Kujawska, M. (2008). Etnobotanika. Maszyna Interpretacyjna, 4(41), 58–62.
Kujawska, M. et al. (2017a). Cognition, culture and utility: plant classification by Paraguayan immigrant farmers in Misiones, Argentina. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 13:42, b.p.
Kujawska, M. et al. (2017b). Medicinal plant diversity and inter-cultural interactions between indigenous Guarani, Criollos and Polish migrants in the subtropics of Argentina. PLoS One, 12(1), b.p.
Kujawska, M., Łuczaj, Ł. (2015). Wild edible plants used by the Polish community in Misiones. Argentina, Human Ecology, 43(6), 855–869.
Kujawska, M., Svanberg, I. (2014). The contribution of early women ethnobiologists. W: I. Svanberg, Ł. Łuczaj (eds.). Pioneers in European Ethnobiology (s. 283–305). Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet.
Lenaerts, M. (2006). Substances, relationships and the omnipresence of the body: an overview of Ashéninka ethnomedicine (Western Amazonia). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2:49, b.p.
Lenaearts, M. (2011). Ashéninka Ethnobotany, Between “Tradition” and “Modernity”: What does Plant Knowledge Mean?. Mundo Amazonico, 2, 67–94.
Luziatelli, G. et al. (2010). Asháninka medicinal plants: a case study from the native community of Bajo Quimiriki, Junín, Peru. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 6:21, b.p.
Martin, G.J. (2004). Ethnobotany: a methods manual. London: Chapman Hall.
Nolan, J. (2002). Wild plant classification in little Dixie: Variation in a regional culture. Journal of Ecological Anthropology, 6(1), 69–81.
Pieroni, A. (2001). Evaluation of the cultural significance of wild food botanicals traditionally consumed in Northwestern Tuscany, Italy. Journal of Ethnobiology, 21(1), 89–104.
Pimenta, J. (2006). Reciprocidade, mercado e desigualdade social entre os Ashaninka do rio Amônia. Série Antropologia 392. Brasília: Departamento de Antropologia, Universidade de Brasília.
Pimenta, J. (2009). Povos indígenas, fronteiras amazônicas e soberania nacional. Algumas reflexões a partir dos Ashaninka do Acre (Comunicação apresentada na Mesa Redonda: Grupos indígenas na Amazônia). Manaus: Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência.
Quinlan, M. (2005). Considerations for Collecting Freelists in the Field: Examples from Ethnobotany. Field Methods, 17, 219–234.
Rodríguez, E. (2008). Clima, informe temático. Proyecto mesozonificación ecológica y económica para el desarrollo sostenible de la provincial de Satipo. Iquitos–Peru: Convenio entre IIAP, DEVIDA y la Municipalidad Provincial de Satipo.
Romney, A.K., Weller, S.C., Batchelder W.H. (1996). Culture as consensus: A theory of culture and informant accuracy, American Anthropologist, 88(2), 313–338.
Santos-Granero, F., Barclay, F. (eds.). (2005). Guía etnográfica de la alta Amazonía. Vol. 5. Lima: IFEA.
Sosnowska, J., Balslev, H. (2009). American palm ethnomedicine: A meta-analysis. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 5:43, b.p.
Sosnowska, J., Kujawska, M. (2014). All useful plants have not only identities, but stories: the mythical origins of the peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) according to the Peruvian Asháninka. Trames, 18(68/63), 173–195.
Sosnowska, J., Ramirez, D., Millán, B. (2010). Palmeras usadas por los indígenas Asháninkas en la Amazonía Peruana. Revista Peruana de Biología, 17(3), 347–352.
Sosnowska, J., Walanus, A., Balslev, H. (2015). Asháninka palm management and domestication in the Peruvian Amazon. Human Ecology, 43, 451–466.
Stepp, R.J. (2005). Advances in Ethnobiological Field Methods. Field Methods, 17(3), 211–217.
Świerk, K. (2007). Itinkami versus presidente. Tradycyjni i nowocześni przywódcy Indian
Matsigenka. W: R. Vorbrich (red.), Plemię, państwo, demokracja. Uwarunkowania kultury pozaeuropejskiej (s. 81–95). Poznań: Biblioteka Telgte Wydawnictwo.
Tardío, J., Pardo-de-Santayana, M. (2008). Cultural importance indices: a comparative analysis based on the useful wild plants of Southern Cantabria (Northern Spain). Economic Botany, 62, 24–39.
Valadeau, C. et al. (2010). The rainbow hurts my skin: Medicinal concepts and plants uses among the Yanesha (Amuesha), an Amazonian Peruvian ethnic group. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127, 175–192.
Vandebroek, I. (2010). The dual intracultural and intercultural relationship between medicinal plant knowledge and consensus. Economic Botany, 64(4), 303–317.
Varese, S. (2006). La sal de los cerros. Resistencia y utopia en la Amazonía peruana. Lima: Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú.
Waldstein, A., Adams, C. (2006). The interface between medical anthropology and medical ethnobiology. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 12, 95–118.
Weis, G. (1973). Shamanism and priesthood in the light of the Campa ayahuasca ceremony. W: M. Harner (ed.), Hallucinogens and shamanism (s. 40–47). New York: Oxford University Press.
Weis, G. (1975). Campa cosmology, the world of a forest tribe in South America. Anthropological Papers of American Museum of Natural History, 52(5), 217–588.
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2017-12-31
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Kujawska, M., & Sosnowska, J. (2017). Inchatoshi, ivenki, ivinishi – rośliny z lasu i ogrodu. Wprowadzenie do problematyki badań z zakresu etnobotaniki medycznej wśród Indian Asháninka z Amazonii peruwiańskiej. Etnografia. Praktyki, Teorie, Doświadczenia, (3), 137–154. https://doi.org/10.4467/254395379EPT.17.006.9242
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