Uniwersyteckie Czasopisma NaukoweClearing the Air. An Analysis of Atmospheric Protections and Pollutant Regulation in the United Kingdom Before, During, and After the EU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26881/gsp.2021.3.06Słowa kluczowe:
prawo ochrony środowiska, zanieczyszczenie powietrza, Wielka Brytania, Unia Europejska, pył zawieszonyAbstrakt
Zanieczyszczenie powietrza to poważny problem w Wielkiej Brytanii. Wysiłki prawne i naukowe, mające na celu zwalczanie szkodliwych skutków zdrowotnych wynikających z zanieczyszczonego powietrza, są szeroko zakrojone. Dużym problemem pozostaje jednak egzekwowanie norm w tym zakresie. To właśnie kwestia egzekwowania stosownych norm prawnych jest centralnym tematem tego artykułu; najbardziej rygorystyczne lub ambitne ograniczenia są bez znaczenia bez ich efektywnej egzekucji. W artykule wpierw analizie poddano badane określone zanieczyszczenia i specyficzne gałęzie przemysłu generujące większość emisji. W oparciu o tę analizę konstruuje się narrację na temat podejścia Wielkiej Brytanii do ochrony jakości powietrza podczas rewolucji przemysłowej. Kwestie prawne i metody regulacyjne w okresie członkostwa Wielkiej Brytanii w Unii Europejskiej są następnie omawiane w zestawieniu z krajowymi podejściami historycznymi, uznając stosowanie przez Wielką Brytanię metod wysiedleń i ogólne problemy z implementacją norm prawa Unii Europejskiej. Po 2020 r. w świetle Brexitu analizie poddane zostały zachowania i funkcja prawodawstwa unijnego i krajowego. Wielka Brytania stoi przed – po Brexicie – szansą na poprawę jakości powietrza atmosferycznego. Jednak bez możliwości egzekwowania prawa przez Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej istnieje realna możliwość, że jej jakość w Wielkiej Brytanii stanie w obliczu poważnego i niebezpiecznego regresu – stając się ponownie „brudnym człowiekiem Europy”.
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