Academic Scientific JournalsA few remarks on the importance of water transport in the western provinces of the Roman Empire in late antiquity in the light of accounts of Latin Christian writers (fourth and fifth centuries)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26881/sds.2025.28.11Keywords:
water transport in the Roman Empire, latin christian writers, late antiquity, Western Roman EmpireAbstract
In this article, the author analyzes the writings of the Latin Fathers of the Church in terms of the importance of water transport in them. It should be remembered that in this article I focus on patristic sources. On this basis, one can distinguish two basic meanings of water transport as perceived by Christian authors. These are social and economic meanings; I discuss them expecting to prompt discussion. One of the questions that I try to answer in this article is the extent to which patristic authors were interested in presenting the image of water transport and what could have been the reasons for this interest (or lack of it), as well as what role the issue of water transport played in the sources used. Patristic authors did not leave much data on this topic, but fragments of their writings, if subjected to appropriate criticism, may constitute an extension of existing research and knowledge. Christian writers also used some elements related to water transport in their pastoral activities as examples drawn “from life” or as rhetorical figures.
Downloads
References
Źródła
Ambrosius, Epistulae, CSEL 82/1.
Anonymus, Vita Sancti Genovefae, MGH SRM 7.
Augustinus, Confessiones, CSEL 33.
Augustinus, De civitate Dei, PL 41.
Augustinus, De doctrina Christiana, PL 34.
Augustinus, De excidio urbis Romae, CCSL 46.
Augustinus, Enarrationes in Psalmos, PL 37.
Augustinus, Epistulae, CSEL 34/1; CSEL 44.
Augustinus, In Evangelium Ioannis, PL 35.
Augustinus, Sermones, PL 38.
Aurelius Prudentius Clemens, Cathemerinon, CPL 1443.
Chromatius Aquileiensis, Sermones, SCh 154.
Codex Theodosianus, dostęp: 30.11.2024.
Decimus Ausonius Magnus, Mosella, CPL 1393.
Eugipius, Vita Sancti Severini, CSEL 9/2.
Flavius Vegetius Renatus, Epitoma rei militaris, dostęp: 20.09.2024.
Fulgentius, Sermones, PL 65.
Gregorius Turonensis, Historia Francorum, MGH SRM 1.
Hieronymus, Epistulae, PL 22.
Itinerarium Egeriae, dostęp: 12.03.2025.
Lactantius, Divinarum Institutionum, PL 6.
Patricius, Confessio, SCh 249.
Paulinus Nolanus, Epistulae, CSEL 29.
Petrus Chrysologus, Sermones, PL 52.
Rutilius Claudius Namatianus, De reditu suo, dostęp: 15.03.2025.
Salvianus, De gubernatione Dei, SCh 220.
Sidonius Apollinaris, Epistulae, PL 58.
Sulpicius Severus, Dialoges, CSEL 1.
Valerianus, Sermones, PL 52.
Victor Vitensis, Historia Persecutionis Africanae Provinciae Sub Geiserico et Hunrico Regibus Wandalorum, MGH AA 3/1.
Literatura przedmiotu
Arce J., Bárbaros y romanos en Hispania (400–507 A.D.), Madrid 2013.
Casson L., The Ancient Mariners: Seafarers and Sea Fighters of the Mediterranean in Ancient Times, Princeton 1991.
Devos P., La date du voyage d’Égérie, „Analecta Bollandiana” 1967, t. 85, s. 165–194.
Glenn J.G., The Development and Utilization of Ship Technology in the Roman World in Late Antiquity: Third to Seventh Century AD, Texas A&M University 2002.
Goldsworthy A., Pax Romana. Wojna, pokój i podboje w świecie rzymskim, Poznań 2020.
Houston G.W., Ports in Perspective, „American Journal of Archaeology” 1988, vol. 92, no. 4, s. 553–564.
Höckmann O., Late Roman River Craft from Mainz, w: Local Boats, red. O.L. Filgueiras, Oxford 1985, s. 23–34.
Jundziłł J., Kryzys czy ewolucja rzymskiej aktywności na morzach w okresie późnego cesarstwa rzymskiego, „Antiquitas” 1995, t. 21, s. 159–169.
Jundziłł J., Rzymianie a morze, Bydgoszcz 1991.
Kingsley S., Barbarian Seas. Late Rome to Islam, London 2004.
Kulikowski M., Rome’s Gothic Wars: From the Third Century to Alaric, Cambridge–New York 2006.
Lewis A.R., Runyan T.J., European Naval and Maritime History 300–1500, Bloomington 1985.
MacGeorge P., Appendix: Naval Power in the Fifth Century, w: Late Roman Warlords, Oxford 2002, s. 306–311.
Meijer F., A History of Seafaring in the Classical World, London–Sydney 1986.
McCormick M., Narodziny Europy: korzenie gospodarki europejskiej 300–900, Warszawa 2007.
Milewski I., ob tulit nauclero Evangelium pro subvectione sua. Kilka uwag na temat cen Biblii u schyłku starożytności, „Christianitas Antiqua” 2016, vol. VIII, s. 46–56.
Olszaniec Sz., Prefektura praetorio Italii, Illyrikum i Afryki (312–425 n.e.), Toruń 2014.
Parker A.J., Ancient Shipwrecks of the Mediterranean and Roman Provinces, Oxford 1992.
Parker A.J., Artifact Distributions and Wreck Locations. The Archaeology of Roman Commerce, w: The Maritime World of Ancient Rome, red. R.L. Hohlfelder, Ann Arbor 2008, s. 177–196.
Pitassi M., The Roman Navy, Ships, Men & Warfare 350 BC–AD 475, Barnsley 2012.
Rankov B., Fleets of the Early Roman Empire, 31 BC to AD 324, w: The Age of the Galley, red. J.S. Morrison, London 1995, s. 78–85.
Reddé M., Mare nostrum – Les infrastructures, le dispositif et l’histoire de la marine militaire sous l’empire Romain, Paris 1986.
Reiter F., Vorschläge zu Lesung und Deutung einiger Transportbescheinigungen, „Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik” 2001, Bd. 134, s. 191–207.
Rost G.A., Vom Seewesen und Seehandel in der Antike, Amsterdam 1968.
Saddington D.B., Classes. The Evolution of the Roman Imperial Fleets, w: A Companion to the Roman Army, red. P. Erdkamp, Oxford 2014, s. 201–217.
Sanz A.S., Imperium Maris. Historia de la Armada Romana Imperial y Republicana, Madrid 2020.
Salvo L. De, Economia privata e pubblici servizi nell’Imperio Romano: i corpora naviculariorum, Messina 1992.
Starr Ch.G., The Roman Imperial Navy: 31 B.C.–A.D. 324, Cambridge 1960.
Starr Ch.G., The Influence of Sea Power on Ancient History, New York–Oxford 1989.
Treadgold W., A History of the Byzantine State and Society, Stanford 1997.
Viereck H.D.L., Die römische Flotte. Classis Romana, Hamburg 1996.
Wiśniewski K., Żegluga handlowa w późnym antyku na podstawie Edictum Diocletiani de pretiis rerum venalium, „Studia Periegetica” 2010, t. 4, s. 35–42.
